Patho Unit 3 Quiz Concept Maps

Risk for Osteoarthritis

- genetics

- occupations and sports with high stress

- obesity

- post menopausal women

s/s for Osteoarthritis

- crepitus

- tenderness

- joint pain and stiffness

- narrowing joint space

- symmetric and no morning stiffness

- OA usually in DIP joints

comp for Osteoarthritis

- decreased independence

- bone spurs-osteophytes

- fluctuations in pain

- mobility disability

patho/etio for Osteoarthritis

- degenerative joint disease that is progressive and multifactorial

- excessive stress applied to joint leading to articular cartilage breaking down

- synovial inflammation leading to tears, and mechanical joint failure

- usually in hands, knees, hips, and spine

risk for Degenerative Disk Disease

- 40+

- weight

- BMI

- Sedentary

s/s for Degenerative Disk Disease

- LBP/neck pain

- numbness and tingling

comp for Degenerative Disk Disease

- sciatic pain

- bowel and bladder dysfunction

- spinal stenosis leading to nerve pain

- functional disability

patho/etio for Degenerative Disk Disease

- progressive structural failure of the spine

- degeneration of spinal cartilage and inflammation and compression of disks.

- insidious

risk for Ankylosing Spondylitis

- white males

- 15-30

- genetics/ epigenetics

s/s for Ankylosing Spondylitis

- LBP, buttock and hip pain

- stiffness for greater than 3mo

- insidious onset of pain that increases w/rest

- decreased chest wall expansion leading to restrictive lung disease

comp for Ankylosing Spondylitis

- osteoporosis

- spinal stenosis

- spine fused together

- kyphosis

patho/etio for Ankylosing Spondylitis

- inflammatory arthopathy of axial skeleton, chronic inflammation sites

- initially lumbar, fusion of joints.

risk for Gout

- obesity

- genetics

- HTN

- middle aged men

- high purine diet

s/s for Gout

- unilateral pain

- redness

- arthritis

- swelling

comp for Gout

- bone abnormalities

- kidney issues

- joint deformity

- skin breakdown

patho/etio for Gout

- crystal induced arthritis (usually big toe)

- metabolic disorder

- increased uric acid AKA hyperuricemia

risk for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

-women of reproductive age

- previous pregnancy

- postpartum

- trauma/surgery/injury

- obesity

s/s for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

- Overactive: pain, pressure, achey, LBP, painful intercourse

- Underactive: incontinence

comp for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

- pelvic organ prolapse

- chronic pain

- sexual dysfunction

- urinary issues

patho/etio for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

- overactivity of PFM caused by birth, trauma, or overstretching

- underactivity of PFM is common as well

risk for Multiple Sclerosis

- infections

- immunological response

- genetics

- environment

- other immune disorders

s/s for Multiple Sclerosis

- fatigue

- burning pain

- decreased motor control/ coordination

- ataxia

- neuropathic pain

-optic neuritis

comp for Multiple Sclerosis

- depression

- bladder and bowel dysfunction

- optic neuritis

patho/etio for Multiple Sclerosis

- chronic neurodegenerative disorder of CNS

- demylination disorder

- oligodendracytes (make myelin sheath) get attacked by immune system

risk for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

- white male 40-60

- females >70

- chronic exposure to heavy metals

-geographical factors

- military

s/s for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

- Bulbar (trouble chewing/swallowing)

- limb weakness/twitching

-slurred speech

- executive function declines

comp for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

- aspiration pneumonia

- respiratory distress

- atrophy

- death

patho/etio for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

- multisystem illness, adult onset

- disorder of mm wasting and gliotic hardening

- degenerative loss of motor neurons (upper and lower)

risk for Alzheimers Disease

- age

- fam hx

- ligestyle/environment

- diabetes, obesity

- downs syndrome

-stroke

s/s for Alzheimers Disease

- agitation

- confusion

- memory problems

- weight loss

- speech problems

comp for for Alzheimers Disease

- inability to carry out ADLs

- safety concerns

- infection

- changes in personality and behavior

- memory loss

patho/etio for Alzheimers Disease

- unknown etiology and insidious onset

- plaques (amyloid proteins) and fibrous tangles

- inflammation and oxidative damage to nerve cells

risk for Parkinsons

- genetics

- environment

- exposure to infection

- toxic exposure

- white men >60

s/s for Parkinsons

- tremor

- rigidity

- akinesia

- posture and balance

- bradykinesia

comp for Parkinsons

- cognitive impairments

- olfactory disorders

- sleep disturbances

patho/etio for Parkinsons

- chronic degeneration of neuron in substancia nigra

- loss of midbrain and dopamine

- idiopathic and no cure

risk for CVA

- 55+

- african american

- women on BC/HRT

- lifestyle

- genetics

s/s for CVA

- balance

- eyes

- face

- arms

- speech

- time

comp for CVA

- anxiety

- confusion

- loss of function

- paralysis

- behavior changes

patho/etio for CVA

- ischemic (most common) where blood is cut off or hemorrhagic(most deadly) w/ bleeding somewhere

- destruction of surrounding tissue

risk for Myasthenia Gravis

- thymic disorders

- women 20-30

- men 50-60

- genetics

s/s for Myasthenia Gravis

- mm weakness

- fatigue

- eye muscles first

- exacerbations

comp for Myasthenia Gravis

- myasthemic crisis

- develop other autoimmune

patho/etio for Myasthenia Gravis

- fluctuating weakness and fatiguability of skeletal mm

- defect in NM junction where Ach receptors are decreased and there is bad transmission of action potential

- autoimmune