Ch 5 Study Guide Ancient Greece

Define Agora

A market & a place where people meet & debate

Define Colony

A new settlement that keeps close ties to its homeland

Define Peninsula

A type of landform with water on three sides

Define Polis

A Greek city-state

Define Phalanx

A group of armed foot soldiers in ancient Greece arranged close together in rows

Which civilization was the first to arise in ancient Greece?

The Minoan’s

Which factor of factors started the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization?

Earthquakes & civil war

Greek city-states were run by their

Citizens

Under the Greek definition of “citizen”, who qualified for citizenship?

Free, native-born men who owned land

What does “oligarchy” mean?

A system of government in which a few people hold power

Define “democracy”

A system of government in which all citizens share in running the government.

What is a “helot”?

The Spartan name for an enslaved worker

Define “tyrant”

A person who takes power by force & rules with a total authority.

What is an “ephor”?

A person who enforced laws & managed tax collection in Sparta.

What type of leader was in power in Greece around 600 B.C. E. (due to growing political unrest among city-states was a(n)

Tyrant

What did Sparta use to control it’s citizens?

The military

Spartan women were trained in

Running, wrestling, & javelin throwing

In what way did a boy’s life in Athens differ from a boy’s life in Sparta?

Athenian boys went to school, & Spartan boys served in the military

What is a “Zoroaster”?

Religious teacher who preached a new monotheistic religion

Who was Cyrus?

He expanded the Persian Empire with his strong army

Who was Darius I?

He reorganized the government & divided the Persian Empire into satrapies

Who was Xerxes?

The Persian who defeated the Greeks at Thermopylae

Who was Leonidas?

He was a king from Sparta who led soldiers into battle at Thermopylae

Cyrus the Great held his growing empire together by?

Treating conquered people well

Which factors led to the decline of the Persian Empire?

They army was weakened after losses to Greece, & rulers disagreed about who should have power

Who was a major figure in the politics of Athens?

Pericles

What is a representative democracy?

A small group that makes government decisions on behalf of many

The Delian League was named after

The Greek island of Delos

The Athenians had what type of democracy?

Direct democracy

Aspasia ( a woman ) was a well-regarded teacher of public speaking who encouraged

others (especially women) to become more involved in government

The Age of Pericles was known as a golden age of

Prosperity, culture & achievement

Beginning in 478 B.C.E. which league served as a protective group & defensive league?

The Delian League

The Athenian economy was supported by

Farming & Trade

In 431 B.C.E. Sparta & other city-states joined forces against Athens to fight the

The Peloponnesian War

Direct democracy worked well in Athens because

There was a small number of citizens

The Greek alphabet was based on

The alphabet created by the Phoenicians

The Minoans made their living as

Traders