Top 200 Drugs Section 2: Anti-infectives

Bactericidals

Bursts the cell wall, penicillan

Bacteriostatic

bacteria can not grow, tetracycline

Pen VK

penicillin

Amoxil

amoxicillin

Augmentin

amoxicillin/clavulanate

Auxiliary label for penicillins

Take w food

Penicillin allergies

“true” allergy, adverse reaction

Keflex

cephalexin

Ceftin

cefuroxime

Cefzil

cefprozil

Omnicef

cefdinir

Rocephin

ceftriaxone

What may have cross activity w penicillins

Cephalosporins

Biaxin

clarithromycin

Biaxin XL

clarithromycin, extended release

E.E.S

Erythromycin

Zithromax

azithromycin

Macrolides treat

Respiratory infections, soft tissue infections, chlamydia, lyme disease

Macrolides are a

bacteriostatic

Side effects of macrolides

upset stomach

Macrolides don’t mix w/

statins

Biaxin has a —— and can cause ——-

metallic taste, diarrhea

Macrolides (mostly) end w/

-mycin

Avelox

moxifloxacin

Cipro

ciprofloxacin

Flocin

ofloxacin

Levaquin

levofloxacin

Quinolones (mostly) end w/

-floxacin

Quinolones black box warning

Tendon rupture

Quinolones treat

UTIs, bacterial prostatitis, community acquired pneumonia

Quinolones drug interactions

DO NOT use with warfarin

Quinolones can cause

increased sensitivity to sunlight, dizziness, drowsiness, or arrythmias

Quinolones shouldn’t be taken with

antacids or vitamins containing calcium, iron, or zinc

Bactrim DS, Septra DS

sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim

Vibramycin

doxycycline

Sumycin

tetracyline

Minocin

minocycline

Cleocin

clindamycin

Flagyl

metronidazole

Macrobid

nitrofurantoin

Bactrim/Septra allergies

rash(mild), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (severe)

Doxycycline, tetracycline, and minocycline shouldn’t be taken with

antacids or calcium

Doxycycline, tetracycline, and minocycline can cause

Fanconi syndrome, dizziness (minocycline) and sensitivity to sunlight

Bactrim/septra can cause

sensitivity to sunlight

Cleocin is a

bacteriostatic

Cleocin comes in

orals, topicals, vaginal or IV

Cleocin can cause

pseudomembranous colitis (C diff)

Flagyl is used for

rosacea, PID, and treatment of C diff

Flagyl auxiliary labels

Take with food and do NOT drink alcoholMa

Macrobid auxiliary label

Take with food

Macrobid can cause discoloration of

urine and fecesM

Macrobid is safe in

pregnancy

Antibiotics can cause secondary..

yeast infections in women

What should be done when counting penicillin or sulfa

Separate trays or clean trays w/ alcohol after counting

Lamisil

terbinafine

Lotrimin, Mycelex

clotrimazole

Mycolog

nystatin/triamcinolone

Mycostatin

nystatin

Diflucan

fluconazole

What is special about the way nystatin is dosed

dosed in units, not grams or milligrams

Mycolog is a

antifungal and steroid mixed

terbinafine can cause

stevens-johnson syndrome

terbinafine requires

liver function tests

fluconazole is available in

tablet, oral suspension, and IV solution (RX only)

Valtrex

valacyclovir

Zovirax

acyclovir

Tamiflu

oseltamavir

Relenza

zanamavir

Antivirals (mostly) end w/

-vir

Tamiflu is available in

capsules and suspension

Treating the flu (Tamiflu and Relenza)

must be started within 48 hrs of the first symptoms, use in children