Skinner Quiz: Personality Theories

Radical Behaviorism

Observable behaviors are ONLY subject matter for Psychology

Respondent Behavior

Reflexes

Operant Behavior

Voluntary Behavior

Type S (Stimulus) or Pavlovian or classical conditioning

Watson

Type R (Response) or operant conditioning

Skinner

UCS or US

natural stimulus that elicits a reflex

UCR or UR

reflexive response

UCS>>>UCR (Examples)

Ex:

- Loud Noise>>>Startle Response

-Food>>>Salivation

-Pain>>>Fight or Flight Response

CS

neutral stimulus does NOT elicit reflex

CR

a reflex elicited by CS (after pairing CS with the UCS)

Operant Conditioning

behavior is a function of its consequences

Negative Reinforcement

removing baddie AFTER a behavior (causes behavior to increase)

Stimulus Generalization

fear spreads to similar stimuli

Positive Punishment

anything that decreases behavior that it follows

Negative Punishment

remove a goodie after a behavior to decrease that behavior

Continuous RF

after EVERY desired response

Partial RF

after SOME responses

Partial RF effect

Partially RF behavior takes longer to extinguish

Ratio Schedules

based on RESPONSES

Interval Schedules

based on TIME

Fixed

RF after a set time or # of responses

Variable

RF after an average time or # of responses

Fixed Interval (FI)

RF after set amount of time

Ex:

-gets Bi- weekly paycheck

-put gas in car every 2 weeks

-make contribution to your 401k each paycheck

Fixed Interval

Variable Interval (VI)

RF after average amount of time

Ex:

-time spent waiting in line

-how long it takes someone to respond to a text/email

Variable Interval (VI)

VI20

= RF after an average of 20min across trials

Fixed Ratio (FR)

RF after a set # of responses is made

Ex:

-sales commissions; get 3% of each sale made

-factory piecework: $1.00 per zipper sewn

Fixed Ratio (FR)

FR20

=RF after 20 responses made

Variable Ratio (VR)

RF after average # of responses made

Ex:

-gambling machines pay off trade

-social behaviors (smiling etc)

Variable Ratio (VR)

VR20

=RF after an average of 20 responses across trials

Ex: Sal gets a paycheck every other week

Fixed Interval (FI)

Ex: Sometimes Dara gets called on when she raises her hand & sometimes she doesn't

Variable Ratio (VR)

Ex: Hector never knows when his boss will walk pas his desk, so he always tries to appear busy.

Variable Interval (VI)

Ex: Bailey gets a treat if she sits on every other command

Fixed Ratio (FR)

Which RF Schedule is best?

VR,FR,VI,FI (in order from highest-lowest response rates

Behavioral Parent Training

85% of treated kids better than non-treated

Contingency Management

designed to change the consequences of target behaviors

Ex: Token economies or "points" systems

contingency management

Ex: timeouts to reduce "pay offs" of negative behaviors

contingency management

Counter Conditioning

reward for new behaviors

Anxiety is caused by 2 factors:

1.) classical: fear gets conditioned to new CSs

2.) operant: avoiding the CS is negatively RF

Exposure

spend time with feared stimuli (CS) w/o escape or avoidance (reduces fear of CS gradually)