Chp.9 Islam Honors World History

Islam

literally means “peace gained through submission to God”

Muslim

one who practices Islam

Arabic

language of Islam

Mosque

muslim place of worship

Mecca

only Muslims are allowed to enter

Mecca 570 CE

The arabs were Semitic speaking (same as Assriyans & Israelites)

Modern day Saudi Araubi
Arabian peninsula lacked lakes, rivers and resources
Trade routes develop along the coast- Mecca as trading center
Place of relgious pilgrimage. Before Islam people came here for holy place

Religions in Mecca

polythesistcs, zoracstrians, jews, christians

Sauces Candi

most important river or trading route

Bedouins

Nomadic desert people organized by tribe

Story of Muhammad

Founder of Islam
Orphanages at age 5
Tribe of Quarshy- Prominent Arabian tribe
Was a caravan manager and trader
Worked for Khadija, a wealthy widow possibly 15 years older then him
Married Khadija and had six kids

Muhammad’s wife

Khadija

Muhammads Revelation

Soul-searching and contemplation of Mount Sira
The angel Gabriel (Jibril) appears to Muhammad
Recite! Recite! Recite!
Muhammad receives the first revelation of Qu’ran (the holy book of Islam)
Visits Khadija christian cousin, Waraqh ilon Nawful
Experience is known as the Night of Power. Khadijah becomes first Muslim

Five Pillars of Islam

Shahada, Salah, Zakat, Sawm, Hajji

Shahada

Statement of faith
“There is no god but God and Muhammad is the messenger of God”

Salah

Prayer
5 times a day facing Mecca

Zakat

Charity
give 2.5% of total wealth

Hajji

Pilgrimage
Travel to Mecca once in your lifetime

The Qu’ran

revelation to the prophet Muhammad
The Holy book of Islam
Muhammad received revelation for 23 years
The literal word of God
Revealed/written in Arabic, write to left, top to bottom
Arranged longest to shortest
114 surars (chapters)

Ayat

a verse from the Qu’ran

Hafiz

someone who has memorized entire Qur’an

The Hijrah

Means emigration
Early Muslims in Mecca facing persecution
Pronouncing monotheism
Upsetting social order-equality for all
Upsetting business owners who rely on money from pilgrims visiting polytheistic sites
Muslims leave Mecaa and move to the city of Yathrin
Change name to Madniha- “City of prophet”
Marks year zero on Muslim calendar

Creation of the Caliphate

630 CE- Muhammad returns and takes over Mecca and removes idols from the Kabba
Dedicates to Allah
Muhammad dies 632 CE
Caliph or Khalifa

Caliph or Khalifa

political and religious leader of ealry Islam

Abu Baker

close friend and father-in-law of Muhammad
Choosen as the 1st Calphi

4 rightly guided calphis" or Rashidas

1. Abu Baker

2. Umor

3. Uthamn

4. Ali

Umayyad Caliphate

Ali Killed at mosque of Kufu (Iraq) in 661 by Ummayads
Led by Mu’ awiyah
Capital moved to Damascus, Syria
Controlled North Africa and Spain

Battle of Karabla

Ali’s son Huessin and Hassan revolt against the Umayyad rule
Both killed and mulitated by Umayyad armies

Dome of the rock

Located on the rock where Muhammad ascended to heaven
Balitan Temple mount qwen Holy site

Sunni-Shia split

Muslims community splits into two denominations

Sunni

“Sunnah”” means tradition
85-90% of Muslims
Caliph does not need to be a descandant of Muhamad

Shia

“Shia-tu Ali”- party of ali
10-15% of Muslims
Calphi should be direct descendants of Muhammad
Iran -90% shia
Ali, Huessein, Hassan reserved as Martyrs

Hijab

headscarf covering head and neck

Burqa

veil that completely covers face and body

Niqab

Body and face fully covered- only eyes exposed

Abaya

loose robe like dress

Burqini

burqa for at the beach

Quruni

suppose to wear cloaks so that they dont be harassed
guard theyre chastity
let them not be revealed their hidden adornments

Allah

Arabic for God

Sheikhi

ruler of on Arabi tribe, choosen by leading familes

Hijarah

jounrey of Muhammad and his followers to Madinah

Jihadi

struggle in the way of God

Sultan

“holder of power”

Bazar

covered market in islamic cities

Dawryi

gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage

Astrolable

instrument to used by saliors to determine their location

Arabesque

geometric pattern to completely cover a scar face with decoration

Minaret

tower of a mosque which muzzein calls to faitful to prayer 5x a day

Sawm

fasting
no eating or drinking from dawn until sunset during mont of Ramandan