Chapter 10 Lecture Test

Metabolism

The chemical reactions and physical workings of the cell.

Catabolism

Reactions that break the bonds of larger molecules, which typically release energy.

Anabolism

Known as biosynthesis, the build-up of cell molecules and structures, which typically will require energy input.

Catalyst

Something that participates in chemical reaction and speeds it up, without being consumed in the reaction.

Activation Energy

Catalysts work by lowering…

Enzymes

Biological catalysts are known as…

Substrates

The reactant molecules an enzyme acts on.

Active Site

The spot on the enzyme where the substrate interacts.

Products

What the molecules and substrates is/are charged into.

No, Can function over and over

Does the enzyme become apart of the products, can it function again?

Exergonic

A chemical reaction that releases energy as it goes forward.

Endergonic

A chemical reaction that requires the addition of energy.

Electron Donor

If something loses an electron it is called…

Electron Acceptor

If something gains an electron it is called…

Oxidation is Lost, Reduction is Gained

OIL RIG

Oxidoreductase

Enzymes involved in oxidation/reduction reactions.

Hydrogen

Ions that are typically transferred with electron in organic oxidation -reduction reactions.

NAD

Most common electron carrier coenzyme that carries hydrogens and electrons to fuel the electron transport chain.

Adenosine Triphosphate

ATP: the primary energy currency of the cell.

Adenine (Nitrogen base) Ribose (5-carbon sugar) Three phosphate groups

Three parts of ATP.

Free energy

Released when ATP loses a phosphate group

ADP

What ATP becomes when it loses a phosphate group.

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

Type of phosphorylation that involves the generation of ATP from the transfer of a phosphate group directly to ADP, via an enzymatic process.

Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle

What two process does the substrate-level phosphorylation occur in?

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Type of phosphorylation that is a series of redox reactions that occur during the final phase of the respiratory pathway, (Electron Transport Chain).

Photophosphorylation

Type of phosphorylation that involves sunlight-driving reactions.

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration, fermentation

Three basic catabolic pathways that are used to generate ATP.

Glycolysis

Most common pathway used to break down glucose.

Aerobic Respiration

Series of reaction that converts glucose into carbon dioxide to generate energy, in which oxygen is the final electron acceptor.

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Respiratory (Electron Transport) Chain

Three main stages of Aerobic Respiration