Studied by 31 people
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autosomal dominant
one gene from either parent to affect offspring
autosomal recessive
two genes must. be present for offspring to be affected
X-linked dominant
only one affected X chromosome needed for offspring to be affected, affects only daughters if father is only parent with gene
X-linked recessive
carrier mother = male child 50/50 chance of having condition. more commonly seen on males
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
rapid copying of DNA sequences
specific primer sequence and annealing temperature
what is needed for successful PCR
florescence
what does PCR measure
threshold cycle number/ quantification cycle
coorelates to the satrting amount of DNA
more sensitivity
advantage of real time PCR
microbe counts, drug therapy efficacy, old DNA amplification, family lineage, crime scene investigation, identification
what is the appliacations of PCR
variable number tandem repeats
regions used to determine family lineage
Next generation sequencing (NGS)
disease susceptibility testing that determines DNA or RNA sequence to look for genetic variation
protein
what does ELISA look for
DNA
what does southern blot look for
RNA
what does northern blot look for
protein
what does western blot look for
heritable and reversible genetic change
what is epigenetics
diet, smoking, inflammation, age, and infection
environmental factors that affect epigenetics
gene activation
histone acetylation
gene silencing
histone methylation
repress cancer
when a gene is hyperemethylated you are more likely to have a type of cancer, does this gene promote or repress cancer
enhance gingival innate immunity
effect of HDAC inhibitors
ELISA
looking for specific protein
PCR
what would you use to compare bacterial counts
northern blot
what would you use to compare mRNA levels between two bacterial strains
western blot/ELISA
what would you use to investigate protein
the DNA code is fixed, and epigenome is flexible
what is thee difference betweeen DNA code and epigenome
gene would continue to be expressed
what would happen if acetyl groups stayed attached to the nucleosome forever and kept it continuosly open
genomes are nearly carbon copies
what would you see in identical twins when sequencing their genome early in life
epigenomes differ
what would you see in identical twins after 60 years
Note 
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