diabetes what to know PT 2

diabetes is considered

a metabolic disorder in which the body is unable to effectively process digested food

three main types of diabetes are

type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes

type 1 diabetes is an

autoimmune disease

autoimmune disease

results when the body’s system for fighting infection turns against a part of the body

if not diagnosed with insulin, a person with type 1 diabetes can lapse into a life threatening diabetic coma, also known as

diabetic ketoacidosis

the most common type of diabetes is

type 2

type 2 diabetes is associated with what people

older age, obesity, family history, previous history and physical inactivity and ethnicity

type 2 diabetes was previously called

non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult onset diabetes

gestational diabetes is a form of

glucose intolerance that is diagnosed in women during pregnancy

when blood glucose levels drop too low- a condition known as

hypoglycemia

a person can also become ill if blood glucose levels rise too high, a condition known as

hyperglycemia

an endocrinologist is what kind of doctor

a person who specializes in hormones

there are two forms of pre diabetes

impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)

having high blood glucose levels for a prolonged period of time can cause

endothelial dysfunction

endothelial dysfunction is

damage to the epithelial cells that line the cavities of the heart and blood and lymph vessels

type 2 diabetics often have high triglycerides and low HDL levels, this combination is referred to as

diabetic dyslipidemia

most common cause of stroke in patients with diabetes is

blocked arteries

diabetes is the leading cause of end stage renal disease a condition known as

microalbuminuria

microalbuminuria is characterized by

low but abnormal levels of albumin in the urine

there are three methods of screening microalbuminuria

random spot collection measures albumin to creatine

24 hours collection with creatine

timed collection

hypertension is defined as a

blood pressure at or above 140/90 mm Hg

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers are

antihypertensive medications that may slow the progression of nephropathy

peripheral neuropathy affects the

arms and legs

autonomic neuropathy affects the

heart and blood vessels, digestive system, urinary tract, sex organs and sweat glands

proximal neuropathy affects the

thighs, hips and buttocks

focal neuropathy affects specific nerves usually in the

head, torso and leg.

can cause bell’s palsy and vision problems

transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation (TENS)

blocks pain signals using small amounts of electricity

prediodontal disease describes

a group of localized infections that affect the tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth

diabetic dermopathy is

small blood vessels cause light, brown scaly patches that usually occur on the front of both legs

necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (NLD) is

dull, red, raised area develops and eventually looks like a shiny scar with a violet border

eruptive xanthomatosis is

firm, yellow, pea like enlargements on the skin

digital scelrosis

skin on the back of hands, sometimes toes and forehead become tight, thick and waxy

disseminated granuloma annulare

ring, or arc shaped raised areas

acanthosis nigricans

dark raised areas develop in skin folds in areas like the arm, neck, armpits and groin

insulin is made by

modifying pork insulin or by using recombinant DNA technology