ancient mediterranean exam 1

old kingdom date

2,715-2,200 BC

middle kingdom date

2,040-1,795 BC

new kingdom date

1,550-1,069 BC

late period

525-332 BC

ptolemaic period

304-30 BC

Ankh

life, immortality, breath of the life

unification of Eygpt by Narmer

ca 3000

Anubis

God: watches over the dead

Book of the Dead

Collection of texts to help the dead and guide them through the Duat (underworld); written on papyrus scrolls

cartouche

oval loop used to enclose the birth name

crook and flail

symbol of royal power and divine authority

deshert

red crown

duat

underworld

hathor

God; love & joy

horus

god of sky

hedjet

formal white crown worn by pharaohs

isis

protective goddess

ma’at

goddess of truth and harmony

mummification

1. brain is removed from body,

2. other organs in canopic jars; heart stays in body

3. cleanse & put in natron for 70 days

4. body is wrapped in linen

5. body is returned to family

narmer

unified upper and lower eygpt

osiris

god of afterlife

pschent

white AND red crown

pyramid of djoser

first stone pyramid

pyramid of khufu

the largest and last standing pyramid

Ra

God of Sun

nomen

princes birth name

Praenomen

kings official royal name in cartouche

two ladies

Nekhbet and Wadjet symbolize the unification of Eygpt

serekh

falcon summounted rectangle containing royal name

set(h)

god of choas

uraeus

part of royal head

ushabti

a small funerary figurine placed in ancient tombs