BIOL 111 Lab 7: seed plants

Seed plants

gymnosperms and angiosperms

- have vasculaqra tissue (xylem & phloem)

- most productive/successful bc of seeds and pollen

Gymnosperms

"Naked seeds" - do not have an ovary

- not protected by fruit tissue

-do not produce flowers

Angiosperms

"Covered seeds" - do have an ovary (covering) that becomes fruit

Advantage of pollen and seeds

- remove the need for water for reproduction (fertilization)

- seeds provide protective covering (survival harsh environments)

- seeds store food (boost growth following germination)

- can disperse widely and survive in new areas

Homosporous plants

Mosses and ferns

- male and female spores appear the same

Heterosporous plants

Gymnosperms and angiosperms

-male and female spores are different

Microspores

Produced in microsporangia (develop into male gametophyte= pollen)

Megaspores

Produced in megasporangia (develop into female gametophyte which releasing in megasporangium)

Pollen grain

- microgametophyte (produce sperm)

-contains 2-4 cells

- highly reduced compared to other gametophytes

- dos not need water for fertilization

Seeds

Seed coat- gives enhanced survivability

Food source - (endosperm in angiosperms) tissue from parent (gameophyte) when developing into an embryo

Tissue generations:

1. Sporophyte (seed coat)

2. Gametophyte (food source)

3. New sporophyte (embryo)

Primary growth

growth in length

Secondary growth

pattern of plant growth in which stems increase in width

Female cones

A.k.a ovulate/seed cones