LBYBI13 LAB All modules

Magnification

The increase of an object's apparent size using lenses.

Resolution

The ability of a lens to show two adjacent objects as discrete entities.

Numerical aperture

A function of the diameter of the objective lens in relation to its focal length, which affects the resolution.

Parfocal

Refers to objectives that can be changed with minimal or no refocusing.

Contrast

The process of adjusting the lenses to obtain a clear and sharp image of the specimen being observed.

Bright Field Microscope

A type of microscope where specimens are visualized based on differences in contrast density between the specimen and the surrounding.

Phase Contrast Microscope

Utilizes a phase ring to amplify refractive index differences, allowing the visualization of live samples without staining.

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM)

A technique that uses a laser source and computerized microscope to focus on single layers of the specimen, achieving high resolution.

Electron Microscopy

Uses electrons instead of photons to image cells and structures, providing high magnification and resolution.

Psychrophile

Microorganisms that have an optimum temperature of 4°C and can grow in a temperature range of 0° to 15°C.

Mesophile

Bacteria that grow optimally at 39°C, with a temperature range of 15° to 40°C.

Thermophile

Organisms that thrive at high temperatures, with an optimum growth temperature around 60°C.

Halophiles

Microorganisms that have specific requirements for high salt concentrations (NaCl) for growth.

Anaerobe

Organisms that do not require oxygen for growth and may even find it toxic.

Bacteriostatic agent

A chemical agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria without killing them.

Bactericidal

A chemical agent that kills bacteria.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST)

Laboratory procedures to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics on microorganisms.

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial agent that prevents the growth of a microorganism.

Determination of coliforms

Assessing water samples for the presence of specific bacteria that indicate fecal contamination.

IgG

The major antibody in serum, produced later in the immune response and can cross the placenta.

ELISA

A test that utilizes enzyme-linked antibodies to detect the presence of antigens or antibodies.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A method used to amplify DNA sequences for analysis by mimicking DNA replication.

Dimorphism in fungi

The ability of some fungi to exist in both yeast and mold forms depending on environmental conditions.

Mycelium

The mass of hyphae that forms the body of a fungus.

Sporangiospore

Asexual reproductive spores produced in a sporangium.

Conidia

Asexual spores that are not contained within a sac, easily dispersed by air.

Tryptophanase

An enzyme produced by certain bacteria that breaks down tryptophan into indole.

Voges-Proskauer test

A test used to detect acetoin in bacterial cultures.