Ancient City IDs -

Ara Pacis

-Connecting Augustus to Roman history and myth (Aeneas/Numa, Mars, Romulus)

-Emphasizes Augustus' religious beliefs as pontifex maximus

-Built upon return from Spain & Gaul (dedicated 9BCE)

Arch of Septimius Severus

-203 CE

-Emphasizing Septimius Romanness (born in Libya)

-Legitimizing power as Roman emperor

-Forum

Temple of Vesta

-Tholos

-Vestal virgins tended this flame

-Augustus donated the space to the Vestals

Basilica Nova

-Started by Maxentius, finished by Constantine (312)

-Colossal statue of Constantine

-Legal proceedings

Altar of Mercury

-Aventine

-OLD (495 BCE)

-Tholos

Tomb of the Scipios

-Late republic Roman family

-Hypogeum

-Inscriptions detailing legacy and accomplishments

Circus of Maxentius

-Connection to deified Romulus (inscription)

-Along Via Appia

-Built 311 CE

Mausoleum of Caecilia Metella

-Built ~1C BCE- 1st C CE

-Crenellation along the top

-Bucrania (cow skull decoration)

Arch of Drusus

-Via Appia

-Most likely actually Arch of Trajan

-Important boundary marker for city/walls

-Aqueduct

Arch of Constantine

-Next to colosseum

-Post Milvan bridge 312 CE

-Three bay (like arch of Septimius Severus)

-Triumphal procession frieze (taken from other places)

Arch of Janus

-Quadrifons arch (all directions)

-Possibly a boundary marker (in Forum Boarium)

-4th C CE, built from spolia

Arch of the Argentarii

-204 CE

-Septimius Severus, Caracalla, and damnatio memoriae Geta

-Triumphal friezes

Arch of Titus

-1st C CE

-Via Sacra, Roman Forum

-Dedicated by Domitian after deification of Titus

-Victory of Judea frieze

Aurelian(ic) Wall

-3rd C CE

-Expansion of city, need to protect those inside (offer feeling of protection)

-Provided jobs

Basilica Aemelia

-179 BCE (Forum)

-Modeled after Greek stoas (long + rectangular, colonnades, open space)

-Law courts, deligious ceremonies, bank offices

Baths of Agrippa

-Campus Martius

-Known from Forma Urbis

-Agrippa + Augustus' major infrastructure plans around the city

Baths of Caracalla

-2nd biggest in city (1st is Diocletian)

-3rd C CE

-Well-preserved, in use until 5th C CE

Baths of Diocletian

-3rd C CE

-Diocletian increased water to city to pump into baths

-Leisure

Baths of Trajan

-2nd C CE

-Built over remains of Domus Aurea

-Built after Aqueduct of Trajan

Campus Martius

-Augustan expansion with mausoleum, ara pacis

-Obelisk at meridian line

-3rd + 2nd C BCE

Circus Maximus

-First version built under Tarquins

-Mythological location of Rape of the Sabines

Column of Marcus Aurelius

-Modeled after Trajan's column

-Relief depicting victory over Barbarians

-Construction likely began after his death, legacy

Column of Trajan

-In Trajan's forum

-Completed 113 CE

-Victory of Dacians

Curia Julia

-Reoriented by Caesar toward his forum

-Site of Senate House

-Fires and rebuilding

Domus Augustana

-Palatine, part of Domitian's palace

-1st C CE

-Opulent dining room

Domus Aurea

-Nero

-Built after fire devastated rome in 64

-Symbol of opulence and corruption

Emporium/ Tiber Wharves

-Warehouses (horrea) and docks built along Tiber

-2 levels of docks

-Trajanic period

Flavian Ampitheater

-Named after colossal statue of Nero

-1st C CE

Doric/ionic/corinthian 3-tier structure

-Seating determined by gender and class

Forma Urbis

-Marble plan of city

-3rd C CE (Septimius Severus)

-Placed on wall in Temple of Peace

Forum Boarium

-Important commercial sector (cattle market)

-Roads converging

-Temples nearby

-Next to river

Forum Holitorium

-Fruit and vegetable market next to FOBO

-Dates to Republican Age

Forum of Augustus

-Pietas

-Niches with summi viri

-Connection to past

-Porticos with exedra hemi cycles

Forum of Caesar

-Response to Pompey's theater

-Finished by Augustus after Caesar's death

-Temple of Venus Genetrix

Forum of Trajan

-Apollodorus of Damascus

-Victory over Dacians

-2nd C CE

Forum Transitorium

-Temple of Minerva

-Nerva (97 CE)

-Possibly held colossal statues of deified emperors

Hadrianeum

-Campus Martius

-Deified after death, 2nd C CE

-Finished after death

Largo Argentina

-Campus Martius (part of 3rd C BCE expansion)

-Tufa ashlar masonry

-Manubial building projects

-Shift in styles of temples over time (etruscan/italin -> Greek)

Markets of Trajan

-Apollodorus of Damascus

-Commercial and government uses

-Architectural feat, concrete and natural light

Mausoleum of Augustus

-Largest tomb in Roman world

-Buried in Rome unlike Mark Antony L

-Near obelisks and Res Gestae

Testaccio

-~25 million thrown-away amphorae

-Olive oil vessels couldn't be reused

-1st-3rd C CE

Palatine Huts

-9th-8th C BCE

-Wattle and daub building method, post holes left over

-Romans respected their early founders

Pantheon

-Feat of architecture, massive dome made with concrete

-Dedicated by Marcus Agrippa

-Rebuilt by Hadrian after a fire

Porta Maggiore

-Claudian rusticated look

-Drawing attention to aqueduct

-Edge of city

Porticus Aemilia/Navalia

-3rd C BCE

-Warehouses connected to ports on Tiber

Porticus of Octavia

-Leisure place

-Feminine space

-Libraries curia, temples

-Built by Octavia to honor son Marcellus

Pyramid of Cestius

-Inscription identifies heirs

-12 BCE

-Would have been outside city walls when built

Rostra

-Speaking platform, power of Senate/Republic

-Moved by Caesar

-Symbol of political power

Round Temple of Hercules Victor

-Tholos, corinthian

-Earliest Luna marble in rome

-manubial

-FOBO

San Clemente Mithraeum

-4 phases

Septizodium

-Facade on nymphaeum of Septimius Severus

-BIG structure, not much remains

Temple of Antoninus and Faustina

-Piety

-Antoninus made it for deified Faustina, then was added after his own death

-Forum

Temple of Apollo Palatinus

-Constructed by Augustus on palatine hill

-Often praised in literary works of the time

-First temple to Apollo inside city of Rome

Temple of Apollo Medicus Sosianus

-VERY old

-HUGE

-Next to theater of Marcellus

-Pseudo-peripteral, high podium, ornate frieze, elaborate coffers

Temple of Castor (and Pollux)

-Forum

-Importance of dioscurii in Rome

-Important place

-Three phases (484 BCE, 117 BCE, 6 CE)

Temple of Divine Julius

-Dedicated by Augustus

-Used as voting assembly

-Numismatic evidence of colossal statue of Caesar

-Forum

Temple of Fortuna

-Largo Argentina (latest temple there)

-Tholos

Temple of Isis and Serapis

-Campus martius

-Importance of cult

Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

-Most important religious site in Rome

-Dedicated to capitoline Triad

-Became less Italic/Tuscan and more Greek as time went on

-Fires and rebuildings

Temple of Mars Ultor

-Forum of Augustus

-Retrieved standards from parthians

-Luna marble, high podium, opus

Temple of Peace

-Forum

-1st C CE, Vespasian

-Held items from victory over Judea

Temple of Portunus

-God of port, next to river

-High podium to account for flooding

-Ionic, frontal, semi-peripteral

-Tufa and travertine

Temple of Venus and Roma

-Former area of domus aurea

-Hadrian designed it himself, L apollodorus of damascus

-2 back-to-back cellae

Temple of Venus Genetrix

-Forum of Caesar

-Carrara marble columns, octastyle

-Caesar's claim to divine ancestral connection to Venus (Aeneas)

Temples in Sant'Omobono area

-Mater Matuta and Fortuna

Temples of Juno, Spes, and Sospita

-Basilica di San Nicola on top

-Republican era

-Near port, along triumphal procession route

-Manubial

Theater of Marcellus

-Finished by Augustus, started by Caesar

-Along triumphal route

-Public benefaction

-Imposing of imperial dynasty

Theater of Pompey

-Manubial

-Temple, theater, porticus

-First permanent theater in Rome

-Temple of Venus Victrix

Tiber Island

-Cult of Aesculpaius, center for healing

-Island in the shape of a ship's prow

-Somewhat natural but man-made

Tomb of Eurysaces

-Freedmen monument

-Architecture resembling machines used in bread production

-Role of the state in food supply

Underground Basilica

-Possible astrological connections

-Was underground originally

-Frescos of doomed/violent love