Water Resources and Quality Management

A set of flashcards covering important vocabulary and concepts related to water resources, quality management, and purification methods.

Water

Nature's most abundant and useful gift to mankind, essential for life.

Fresh Water

Water that is not saline and is suitable for drinking, agriculture, and industrial use.

Saline Water

Water that contains a high concentration of salts, primarily found in oceans.

Ground Water

Water located beneath the earth's surface, primarily found in aquifers.

Hard Water

Water that does not form lather with soap due to the presence of calcium and magnesium ions.

Soft Water

Water that easily forms lather with soap, typically rainwater or distilled water.

Temporary Hardness

Hardness that can be removed by boiling hard water, caused by bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium.

Permanent Hardness

Hardness that cannot be removed by boiling, due to the presence of chlorides and sulfates of calcium and magnesium.

Impurities in Water

Unwanted substances in water, which can affect its quality and usability.

Coagulation

Process of removing fine-sized impurities from water by adding coagulants like alum.

Filtration

The process of purifying water by passing it through a bed of granulated material to remove impurities.

Sterilization

The process of killing or removing microorganisms from water to make it safe for drinking.

Water Purification

The complete process of removing undesirable matter from water to make it fit for drinking.

Deionisation

The process of removing ions from water using methods such as reverse osmosis or ion-exchange.

Reverse Osmosis

A water purification method that uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove ions and contaminants from water.

International World Water Day

A global event celebrated on March 22 to advocate for the sustainable management of freshwater resources.

Water Cycle

The continuous movement of water between the earth and its atmosphere, encompassing processes like evaporation and precipitation.

Water Quality Standards

Regulations established to ensure that drinking water is safe and meets health requirements.

Chlorination

A common method of water disinfection that involves adding chlorine or chlorine compounds to kill bacteria and viruses.

Caustic Embrittlement

A phenomenon where boiler materials become brittle due to the presence of caustic substances, often leading to equipment failures.