Anatomy & Physiology

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51 Terms

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parts of the sternum

  1. manubrium

  2. the body

  3. the xiphiod process

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patella

kneecap

anterior of the knee joint

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ankle

connects the tibia and fibula to the foot

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acromion process

part of the scapula——highest part of the shoulder

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joints

when bones connect to one another

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2 types of joints

ball and socket: can rotating and move backwards, forwards, and sideways (hip joint)

hinge: only bending and straightening movements (fingers)

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cardiac muscle

type of involuntary muscle

only found in the heart

has its own blood supply through the coronary artery system

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automacity

the hearts ability to conduct electrical impulses on its own

(heartbeats)

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respiratory system

aka pulmonary system

O2 is inhaled, CO2 is exhaled

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air flow

air flows through the oropharynx and nasopharynx—-both areas together are called the pharynx

from there, air flows towards the lungs to the epiglottis (leaf shaped structure)

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trachea

“windpipe” connecting the pharynx to the lungs

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larnyx

contains vocal cords

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cricoid cartilage

ring shaped structure forming the lower part of the larynx

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bronchi

two large sets of branches that come off of the trachea and enter the lungs

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alveoli

the ends of the bronchioles

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diaphragm

divides the chest and abdominal cavaties

controlled by the phrenic nerve

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inhalation 

intercostal (ribs) and diaphragm contract, expanding the lungs, allowing air to enter

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exhalation 

intercostal (ribs) and diaphragm relax, decreases room in the lungs, forcing air out 

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ventilation

moving CO2 and O2 between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood

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buffer system

a system that resists change in pH

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cardiovascular system

consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels

blood flows from the body to the body

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valve

between each atrium, prevents blood from being forced back up to the atrium when the ventricle contracts

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cardiac conduction system

system of special muscle tissue which conducts electrical impulses to stimulate the heart to beat

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aorta

largest artery in the body

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artery blood flow

from large vessels like the aorta to smaller branches, smaller branch is an arteriole, and finally to capillaries 

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vien

blood vessels returning blood to the heart

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pulmonary vien

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to leftatrium

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blood composition 

plasma: fluid portion of the blood, highest in composition

white blood cells: help fight infection

red blood cells: carries O2 to towards cells and CO2 away

platetes: membrane enclosed fragments of specialized cells

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pulse 

formed when the left ventricle contracts, sending a pressure wave of blood though the arteries

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peripheral pulses

can be felt at the peripheral points of the body

radial, branchial, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibial

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central pulses

can be felt at the central part of the body

carotid and femoral

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blood pressure

pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels

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diastolic blood pressure

when the left ventricle is relaxed and refilling

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systolic blood pressure

when the left ventricle contracts and lets blood out

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perfusion 

the body’s supply of oxygen and nutrients to the cell of the body with the removal of waste products 

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hypoperfusion

aka shock

the body’s inability to circulate blood to the bodys cells to supply them with oxygen

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lymphatic system

organs, tissues, and vessels that help maintain the body’s fluid balance

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nervous system

brain, spinal cord, and nerves governing movement, sensation, and though 

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autonomic nervous system

controls involuntary movements

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stomach

sac between eosophagus and small intestine

where digestion begins 

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small intestine 

receives food from the stomach and breaks it down 

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large intestine

removes water from waste products

filters out poop

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liver and gallbladder

liver produces bile, gallbladder stores it

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spleen

filters and reserves blood

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appendix 

function is not well understood 

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skin

makes most of the integumentary systems

3 layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer

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endocrine system

produces hormones to regulate body

functions

(includes insulin and epinephrine)

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renal system 

aka urinary system, helps body regulate fluid levels, filter chemicals, and adjust pH level by using the kidneys

bladder is the reservior for urine

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ureters

connects kidneys and bladder

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uretha

connects the penis/vagina to bladder for excretion of urine

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testes

male organs of reproduction, used for the production of sperm