TSAK FINAL REVIEW

How is hesed frequently translated?

Mercy is frequently translated as steadfast

Familiarity with Todah and its relationship with Psalm

Thanksgiving, the positive complement to the laments. Prayed in Gratitude to God.

What is Thanksgiving?

Done in gratitude to God

What isnt Thanksgiving?

Does not refer to the substitution of songs or verbal expressions of praise and thanksgiving for a liturgical animal sacrifice

What kind of spirituality and liturgical shifts do Psalms represent?

Reflects a shift in the people of Israel from the Mosaic covenant to the Davidic covenant. The shift towards wisdom literature when the temple was built because of its dwelling with mankind.

Why are Psalms relevant to us?

1.) The book of Psalms was the prayer book of the Jewish people.

2.) The Psalms commemorate past acts of salvation and anticipate future redemption.

3.) The Psalms were “prayed by Christ” during his earthly life as a devout Jew.

4.) Jesus fulfilled the Psalms through his Passion, death, and Resurrection.

5.) For these reasons, the Psalms remain “essential” to the prayer of the Church.

What is the form of instructions that they come to us in? (Proverbs)

What is the form of instructions that they come to us in?

What do the virtues especially help with? (

A virtuous life…righteousness

What Proverbs is speaking against?

Sin

Seven deadly sins and their opposites

o   Laziness; the deadly sin of ‘sloth’

o   Pride/humility

o   Anger/Gentleness

o   Envy/Joy in the good of others

o   Greed/generosity

o   Lust/chastity

o   Gluttony/Temperance

Sloth/Diligence

Why Solomon uses Proverbs to extend his nation, and how?

o   He uses Proverbs to extend his nation because it anchors the wisdom literature to the covenant history of Israel.

It is a form of instruction with an emphasis on natural law, which is universal and international.

Nuptial themes of Song of Solomon

o   The nuptial restoration of Zion: the renewal of the everlasting marriage covenant between God and his people.

Why is Song of Solomon read at Passover

o   Passover is a renewal/ remembrance of covenant

o   Because of the biblical evidence in the prophets identifying the events of the exodus and Mount Sinai as an act of betrothal between YHWH and Israel.

Eros Love Interpretation

o   It celebrates love, human love, and only human love. Bridegroom is Solomon, and bride is Shulammite woman.

Divine Love Interpretation

o   YHWH is the bridegroom, and the bride is Israel, the people of God. The central theme is the divine love of YHWH for his people.  ALLEGORICAL – JEWISH TRADITION

Mystical Interpretation

o   Bridegroom is God, and the bride is the soul of an individual person.

Liturgical Interpretation

o   Bridegroom is YHWH and the bride is the Tabernacle of Moses, the Temple of Solomon, and the city of Jerusalem, and the people of Israel as a whole.

Which tribes separated with Jeroboam and Rehoboam

10 with Jeroboam (Israel) and 2 with Rehoboam (Judah)

What sins does Jeroboam commit?

He creates two golden calves, the sin of idolatry

Jezebel

married to Ahab and brings paganism with her, introducing the worship of Baal

Elijiah

Prophet sent into the heart of evil. Miracle worker. Recapitulates the life of Moses. He ascended to heaven; he did not die.

How long and to what date did the northern kingdom last?

It lasted 209 years, from 931 BC to 722 BC

Emphasis in Isaiah 1-39

o   Addressed to Jerusalem and Judah when Assyria was the great oppressor and threat to its national existence. Oracles of judgment.

Emphasis in Isaiah 40-66

o   Addressed to Jerusalem and Judah during or after the exile to Babylon. Oracles of consolation. PROPHECY

2 major divisions in Isaiah

o   Oppressed under Assyria and Exile to Babylon (?)

o   Hezekiah was the main problem (?) NOT SURE

Isaiah 7

a virgin will conceive and bear a son and will be called Immanuel.

Isaiah 9

o   a child will come in “the latter time” and as an heir to the Davidic kingdom.

Isaiah 11

o   the coming of a royal son who will arise from the fallen family of King David, whose father was “Jesse” (Reference Stump of Jesse).

Almah

o   In Isaiah 7: virgin is Almah

o   Greek word that was translated to Christ and what Greek would they have used the word neyanmous (?) which means young women

Isaiah as one prophet

·       the themes of Babylon, the similar themes in both, the predictive prophecy, and the Babylonian captivity

3 deportations, when and what

605 BC – Royal Household – Jehoikam became vassal

597 BC – upper and middle class – Jehoikam (brief reign) taken into Nebal

587 BC – remaining destruction of the temple under Zederkeich

Jeremiah warning about the temple

Because his father heard about how its going to be destroyed

Promise of a new covenant

Jeremiah o   31:31 New Covenant, 31:22 The woman protects man/child, reference to Jesus. Isaiah 7 also. EVERLASTING

Ezekial

·       Babylonian captivity – became prophet to prepare first and second wave of exiles for the final destruction of Jerusalem in 597 BC

·       Visions, temple coming to earth, God not limited, Imitates Moses going behind curtain

Ezekiel 37 relation to prophecy

o   “David my servant shall be their prince forever”

o   The new creation, and the new kingdom will all come when the future Davidic king finally arrives.

Daniel, why did the young men not eat the king’s food

o   Unclean meat and wine, food of the king would have been ritually offered up to his deities, showing that they did not want to join the Babylonian cult.

·       The problems with alternative sequence of kingdoms?

o   It regards the Medes and Persians as one empire, not two, as when it says that the empire is given to “the Medes and Persians”.

·       According to tradition which one is which kingdom?

1.) Babylon- Gold

2.) Medo-Persia- Silver

3.) Greece- Bronze

4.) Rome- Iron

·       Importance of 490 years and pay attention to the countdown

o   Years of oppression after losing the promised land

o   70 years x 7 until the end of mankind’s exile from God which the Son of David will usher in          

o   A description of events leading up to the coming of “a messiah prince” and his death, the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple that took place under Tiberius Caesar, the establishment of a New Covenant, and the cessation of Old Covenant sacrifices.

Habakkuk

o   Spiritual struggle between the prophet and YHWH, Habakkuk focuses on it through dialogue between the prophet and the Lord. Urges people to live by faith in God’s promises.

Micah

o   He talks about Justice, Kindness (Hesed: covenant fidelity) and humility.

Zecharaiah

o   : Talks about how Jesus deliberately enacted the fulfillment of the oracle of the coming king to Jerusalem in the second half of the book when he rode into Jerusalem on a donkey.  Vision of Joshua the high priest in filthy garments.

Malachi

o   Watch for the coming of Elijah before the day of the Lord, John the Baptist as Elijah who is to come. Fulfillment of Malachi’s prophecy. Also, “from the rising of the sun to its setting my name is great among the nations and in every place a pure offering.” Also didn’t like divorce.

Jerome’s interpretation

o   He sees the prefiguration of both Jesus’ priestly mission of becoming a “sin-bearer” and his royal mission of building the New Temple of the Church. (In Zechariah’s oracle).

Psalms belong to Wisdom literature

emphasis on wise or righteous behavior in exultation of God’s law