Yr10 Sports Science; Exercise physiology - The cardiovascular system

the cardiovascular system consists of three components, which are what?

heart, blood vessels, blood

what is the cardiovascular system also known as

circulatory system

functions of the cardiovascular system include

- it circuits blood to all parts of the body

- it transports water, oxygen and nutrients to the cells

- it transports wastes including carbon dioxide away from the cells

- it helps maintain correct body temperature

- it helps fight disease through white blood cells and antibodies contained in the blood

blue blood is what type of blood

deoxygenated blood

red blood is what type of blood

oxygenated blood

function of the pulmonary artery

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

functions of the aorta

main artery that carries blood away from the heart to the body

functions of the right ventricle

pumps deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary artery to the lungs

functions of the bicuspid valve

stops blood from reentering the left atrium

functions of the pericardium

Sac around the heart - provides protections for the heart

functions of the right atrium

first chamber to receive deoxygenated blood from the body

functions of the left ventricle

pumps oxygenated blood out to the body through the aorta

functions of the superior vena cava

carries blood from the upper part of the body to the heart

functions of the pulmonary artery

carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

functions of the inferior vena cava

carries blood from the lower part of the body to the heart

functions of the tricuspid valve

stops blood from entering back into the right atrium

functions of the left atrium

first chamber to receive the oxygenated blood from the lungs

what are the functions of arteries

pumps oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body

what are the functions of the veins

carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart

what are the functions of the capillaries

site of exchange for nutrients and wastes between cells and cardiovascular system

how thick are the arteries

thick, elastic and muscular wall

how thick are the veins

thinner, less elastic wall than arteries

how thick are the capillaries

very thin wall that is one cell thick

what are the smaller branches of arteries called

arterioles

what is an arterioles

small branch of an artery leading to a capillary

what are the smaller branches of veins called

venules

what are venules

small branches of a vein leading to a capillary

do capillaries have a smaller branch

no

why don't capillaries have a smaller branch

because they are the smallest blood vessel in the body

does the arteries have valves?

no

does the veins have valves?

yes

what type of valves do veins have?

one way valve

do capillaries have valves?

no

what is the largest artery in the body?

aorta

what happens to the veins when the valves stop working?

varicose veins

what are varicose veins?

enlarged/twisted veins which occur when valves inside the veins become damaged, causing blood to pool

what are the three functions of blood?

transportation, regulating body temperature, immunity and defence

why do veins have a one way valve?

because one way valves force blood in the veins upwards towards the heart against the force of gravity

what does transportation mean in the circulatory system?

blood carries other substances around the body

what does regulating body temperature mean in the circulatory system?

altering blood flow to skin

what are the four components of blood?

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

what are red blood cells also known as?

erythrocytes

what are white blood cells also known as?

Leucocytes

what are platelets also known as?

thrombocytes

function of red blood cells

transport oxygen around the body

function of the white blood cells

protect against disease (helps fight disease and infection)

function of platelets

causes blood to clot

function of plasma

a fluid that carries blood cells around the body

what do red blood cells look like

red cells

what do white blood cells look like

white cells

what do platelets look like

disc shaped cell fragments

what does plasma look like

yellow fluid

what does red blood cells contain

hemoglobin (protein)

what does plasma contain

water, nutrients, hormones, waste products

what percentage of blood does red blood cells make up?

4%

what percentage of blood does white blood cells make up?

41%

what percentage of blood does platelets make up?

0.01%

what percentage of blood does plasma make up?

55%

what is the lifespan of red blood cells

4 months

what is the lifespan of white blood cells

a few days

what are valves

allow blood to only flow in one direction - prevents blood from flowing backwards

what are the atrias

upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins and pump it into the lower ventricles

why is the left side of the heart thicker and stronger

because the left pumps blood all through the body whereas the right pumps blood to and from the lungs

what are ventricles

lower chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria and pump blood to the lungs (right ventricle) and to the body (left ventricle)

what's the septum

wall that divides the two sides of the heart

what does systole record

contraction of the heart muscles, specifically the ventricles

what does diastole record

relaxation to the heart muscle

cardiac cycle

movement of blood through the heart in one heartbeat. It consists of alternate systole and diastole of the atria and the ventricles

where are the largest blood vessels located

closer to the heart

what are the smaller blood vessels located

closer to the surface of the body

what is cardiac cycle

movement of blood through the heart in one heartbeat, consisting of alternate systole and diastole of the atria and ventricles

what is vasodilation?

blood vessels open up

when does vasodilation occur?

what is vasoconstriction?

blood vessels close up

when does vasoconstriction occur?

where does the heart prioritize sending blood during exercise?

to the muscles

what happens to the body during exercise?

body temperature increase, body begins to sweat, heart rate increases, blood flows to the surface (eg: red face or arms), blood vessels dilate