Unit 1: State building in the Americas

Mesoamerican civilizations

Civilizations in the Mesoamerican region known for their complex societies, such as the Maya and Aztec, characterized by decentralized power and tribute systems.

Decentralized power

A system where power is spread out and various local leaders or city-states hold authority, often seen in Mesoamerican civilizations.

Centralized power

A government structure where power is concentrated in a single authority.

Maya civilization

A Mesoamerican civilization (250-900 CE) known for building urban centers, having a developed writing system, and the concept of zero in mathematics.

Tributary states

Regions or cities that are governed by a more powerful entity, often providing tribute or resources in return for protection or autonomy.

Human sacrifice in Mesoamerican cultures

A religious practice where humans were offered to deities, believed to be necessary to sustain the sun's power.

Aztec Empire

An empire established by the Mexica people (1345-1528), known for its military prowess and tributary system.

Tenochtitlan

The capital city of the Aztec Empire, noted for its large population, commercialized economy, and grand architectural structures.

Mit’a System

An Inca labor system requiring people to work on state projects for a certain period each year.

Cahokia

The largest urban center of the Mississippian culture, significant for its mound-building and societal structure.

Mississippian culture

A pre-Columbian culture (8th/9th century CE) along the Mississippi River characterized by agriculture, hierarchical society, and mound-building.

Chaco and Mesa Verde societies

North American cultures known for innovative water storage and unique architectural adaptations, such as cliff dwellings and sandstone structures.