chemistry of living things context 2

Cellular Respiration

Process where glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).

Equation for Cellular Respiration

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP).

Function of Digestion

Breaks down food into nutrients to be transported to cells.

Nutrients involved in digestion

Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals.

Function of the Respiratory System

Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Alveoli

Small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Function of the Circulatory System

Transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and remove waste products.

Function of the Excretory System

Removes wastes from the body and regulates water balance.

Photosynthesis Equation

Energy (sunlight) + Carbon Dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen.

Nervous System

Network of neurons that send electrochemical messages, allowing rapid responses to stimuli.

Stimulus

Any internal or external change in the environment.

Receptors in the Nervous System

Specialized cells that detect stimuli and convert them into electrical impulses.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Reflex Response

A quick, involuntary response to a stimulus, typically for self-protection.

Reflex Arc Components

Receptor, sensory neuron, spinal cord, relay neuron, motor neuron, effector.

Dendrites

Part of the neuron that receives signals from other neurons.

Axon

Conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body of the neuron.

Myelin Sheath

Insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of electrical impulses.

Endocrine System

Collection of glands that release hormones as chemical messages.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism.

Negative Feedback

Control mechanism that counteracts changes to maintain homeostasis.

Hormones

Chemical messages released by glands that control various processes in the body.

Effector

Part of the body that produces a response to a stimulus.

Conscious/voluntary Responses

Voluntary changes in the body in response to stimuli, goes to the brain

Coordinator in Nervous System

Part of the system that processes stimuli and sends signals to the brain.

Stimulus for endocrine

Chemical internal changes that lead to slow but long-lasting responses.

Axon Terminal

Transmits electrical and chemical signals to other neurons or effector cells.

Neurons

Cells that transmit signals throughout the nervous system.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism.

Reflex route

Stimulus, receptor, spinal cord, effector, response