Animal Behavior and Well-Being Exam #3 Study Mates

T/F: A threat is a symbolic fight that involves movements used in fighting with aggressive contact.

False

T/F:Bull aggression can appear as threatening displays, challenging and contesting and sign posting and marking

True

T/F:Cows approach each other to reflect their dominance. A dominant cow will have her neck extended out

False

T/F:On the day of estrous cows will walk more, rest and eat less

True

T/F:Humans should always assist every cow and heifer when she is giving birth

False

T/F:Cows are not aggressive when they have a new calf

False

T/F:Cattle are nest builders

False

T/F:When cattle are lying they prefer to be situated next to edges and corners of their pen

True

T/F:Without the ram it is very difficult to detect estrus behavior in the ewe.

True

T/F:The heifer / cow shows obvious estrus behavior.

True

T/F:Copulation is very long between the ram and ewe and bull and heifer / cow.

False

T/F:Silent estrus in ewes, heifers and cows can be caused by immaturity, social status, competing fear and mate preferences.

True

T/F:The ewe can be both an active and passive isolator as she prepares for lambing.

True

T/F:Heifers and cows are active isolators as they prepare for calving.

True

T/F:Heifers, cows and ewes do not prepare a bed for lambing / calving.

True

T/F:Ewe's, heifers and cows are not nest builders.

True

T/F:Heifer and cows will eat the placenta is it is fresh.

True

T/F: Immediately after lambing / calving, if calves or lambs are removed during this sensitive time the mother often rejects them

True

T/F:More experienced cows lick off-spring longer.

True

T/F:Around 60% of calves on day 1.

True

T/F:Lambs and calves are precocial.

True

T/F:Lambs are followers right after birth.

True

T/F:Claves are hidden near the birth site right after birth.

True

T/F:Inadequate milk intake by lambs and claves is a multi-factorial issue.

True

T/F:Several causal factors drive bullying, these are unstable social environments, competition to limited resources, horns and reduced environmental complexity.

True

T/F:Cattle and sheep like group living.

True

T/F:Sheep are highly social grazers.

True

T/F:Cows form stable and complex social hierarchies.

True

T/F:Several theories were presented as to why cattle and sheep groom, these were to form bonds, lower stress, hair condition and perhaps better production.

True

T/F:Natural weaning is where the young mammal must make the transition from dependence on the dam and the milk she provides to social and nutritional independence.

True

T/F:Beef calves typically stay with Mum longer than dairy calves,

True

T/F:Cow initiates many of the nursing episodes within the first few weeks of life.

True

T/F:Single lambs do not usually favor one teat.

True

T/F:Twins or multiple lambs favor a teat.

True

T/F:Most lambs are successful in their first suckling attempt.

False

T/F:Cattle are very selective grazers.

False

T/F: A dairy cow is willing to push a heavy gate to get to their calves.

True

T/F. Dairy cows will lie for approx. 16-h a day

True

T/F. Organic bedding has higher bacteria counts than non-organic bedding

True

T/F. There is evidence that hi bacteria counts on teat ends are related to udder health

True

T/F: Cross sucking involves one calf sucking on another body part of a pen mate.

True

T/F. Cow comfort is a multi-factorial consideration

True

T/F. Cows need additional lunge space at the front to be able to help them stand up and lie down more easily

True

T/F. If given the chance dairy calves will suckle more often and take in more milk which results in better BW

True

T/F. If given the chance dairy calves that are given more milk over the day will vocalize less than calves fed twice a day

True

T/F: A weaning ring is inserted into the nose of the calf and prevents them from latching onto the cow to nurse.

True

T/F. The two stage weaning resulted in calves that called less, ate more, were less aggressive and walked less than calves that were abruptly weaned.

True

T/F. The AVA has been forced by law to move away from individual housing for veal calves and towards groups

False - they made a resolution

T/F: A normal dairy cow would have the point of the hock directly beneath the pin gone when viewed from the side or behind.

True

T/F. Individual stalls for veal calves are terrible for their welfare and offer no positives at all

False

T/F. Calves are social animals

True

T/F. Many displacements can occur around the feeding system so by having a one to one calf to teat ration decrease displacements

True

T/F: Lameness etiologies can be broadly siloed into infectious and non-infectious, with less common issues resulting from injuries, nutritional imbalance and management practices

True

T/F. Tail docking in dairy cows did not result in major discomfort to the animals

True

T/F: Digital dermatitis is a non-infectious lameness cause.

False

T/F. Dehorning in the US is often done with no pain mitigation

True

T/F. Calves 3 months or doer can have their horns removed by scooping, shearing and sawing

True

T/F: White line lesion is a non-infectious lameness cause.

True

T/F: Hoof trimming can be preventive and corrective.

True

T/F. Horns of younger calves are typically removed using a caustic paste or a hot iron

True

T/F: Hoof trimming focus needs to be on locomotion biomechanics.

True

T/F: The QBA method is to observe the whole animal and decide how it is behaving.

True

T/F: Pain recognition is difficult in stoic species

True

T/F: Several drug limitations were discussed in class to help with farm animal pain, these were time delay, inconvenient routes, short drug elimination and costs.

True

T/F: Disbudding is the removal of the horn bud and occurs before 3 months of age in calves.

True

T/F: Hot-iron branding is the most common form of herd identification in the US

True

T/F: Tail docking in cattle is Prohibited in California, New Zealand or in some European countries (e.g., UK)

True

T / F. At the time of birth it is composed of one sow and her litter

True

T / F. Just before a sow gives birth she will leave her main group and seek isolation

True

T / F. Only one nest site is investigated and chosen.

False

T / F. Nesting sites usually are choose based on both vertical and horizontal protection qualities

True

T / F. Once piglets are born the sow is very engaged in maternal behaviors towards her off spring

False

T / F. Piglets are precocial

True

T / F. Piglets stand very quickly after birth and begin teat seeking

True

T / F. Regardless of the farrowing / lactating environment, sows spend the majority of their time lying.

True

T / F. Maternal behavior has a very complex organization mainly revolving around the suckling event

True

T / F. Piglets latch and claim the first teat that they locate after birth

False - they teat sample

T / F. Piglets are born with eight needle teeth

True

There are five critical stages for the sow and her litter.

True

T / F. Natural weaning is a gradual process, not defined by time rather a shift from reliance on milk to reliance on other foods

True

T/F: As the sow gets closer to farrowing she will walk more. PLUS if given substrates she walks even further.

True

T/F: When sows build a nest they like to build this on a slope.

True

T/F: With or without bedding the "behavioral need" for sows to build a nest is highly motivated and this raises well-being questions.

True

T/F: The sow during farrowing is very passive.

True

T/F: Most piglets are born head first.

True

T/F: Sows give a lot of post partum care to their piglets.

False

T/F: Piglets are precocial.

True

T/F: During nest occupation, piglets are hiders.

True

T/F: Once the sow rejoins her social group, piglets change from a hider to a follower.

True

T/F: There are three types of play, solitary, social and object.

True

T/F: Pigs groom themselves all the time.

False

T/F: A pigs tail may be an important communication tool.

True

T/F: The wild pig farrows once a year.

True

T/F: Newborn piglets shift through three stages; teat seeking, teat sampling and teat nursing order.

True