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All you need to know about ribosomes is that they are a key player in _____
translation
Granules are also called:
storage bodies
Under what conditions are Endospores produced?
threatening environmental conditions.
The purpose of endospores is to
protect: resistance to heating, freezing, desiccation, radiation.
When bacteria is in endospore, it can exist for many years, but it can’t ___
reproduce
What are the two main genera that produce endospores?
Bacillus and Clostridium
Endospore structure: The ___ contains DNA, ribosomes, granules
core
the cortex of the endospore is ____ the cell wall
outside
cite the layers of endospore from deep to superficial:
Core, cell wall, cortex, spore coat, Exosporium (sometimes)
How are chromosomes condensed in prokaryotes?
via DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase supercoiling. Also Scaffolding proteins
Explain what CRISPR is
A sequence of DNA from virus is saved and stored for future infection.
Explain Cas:
Cas is the enzyme that cuts DNA. Cuts viral DNA that is recognized from previous exposure.
____ are small circular pieces of DNA
Plasmids
plasmids are considered more ____ than chromosome
fluid
We make artificial insulin using ___
plasmids
colicin (Col) plasmids: code for
bacteriocins
degradative plasmids : code for ______
digestive enzymes
Fertility plasmids: code for ____
conjugation genes
virulence plasmids: code for
genes important for pathogenicity
what does PAI stand for
pathogenicity island
Resistance plasmids: code for ______
resistance to antibiotics or other toxic chemicals
