2.3 Bacterial Cytosol

All you need to know about ribosomes is that they are a key player in _____

translation

Granules are also called:

storage bodies

Under what conditions are Endospores produced?

threatening environmental conditions.

The purpose of endospores is to

protect: resistance to heating, freezing, desiccation, radiation.

When bacteria is in endospore, it can exist for many years, but it can’t ___

reproduce

What are the two main genera that produce endospores?

Bacillus and Clostridium

Endospore structure: The ___ contains DNA, ribosomes, granules

core

the cortex of the endospore is ____ the cell wall

outside

cite the layers of endospore from deep to superficial:

Core, cell wall, cortex, spore coat, Exosporium (sometimes)

How are chromosomes condensed in prokaryotes?

via DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase supercoiling. Also Scaffolding proteins

Explain what CRISPR is

A sequence of DNA from virus is saved and stored for future infection.

Explain Cas:

Cas is the enzyme that cuts DNA. Cuts viral DNA that is recognized from previous exposure.

____ are small circular pieces of DNA

Plasmids

plasmids are considered more ____ than chromosome

fluid

We make artificial insulin using ___

plasmids

colicin (Col) plasmids: code for

bacteriocins

degradative plasmids : code for ______

digestive enzymes

Fertility plasmids: code for ____

conjugation genes

virulence plasmids: code for

genes important for pathogenicity

what does PAI stand for

pathogenicity island

Resistance plasmids: code for ______

resistance to antibiotics or other toxic chemicals