Micro-Level Socialization and Key Theorists

Micro-Level Sociology

Micro-Level Sociology

Focus on individual psychological aspects of socialization.

Sigmund Freud

Pioneer of personality development theory in psychology.

Oral Stage

Trust development through caregiver interaction (0-6 years).

Oral Fixation

Excessive nurturing leads to addiction tendencies.

Anal Stage

Learning hygiene and its impact on life organization.

Psycho-Sexual Stage

Developmental stage involving Oedipus and Electra complexes.

Lawrence Kohlberg

Theorized stages of moral development during adolescence.

Carol Gilligan

Critiqued Kohlberg's moral development theory for gender bias.

Moral Dilemma

Scenario assessing ethical decision-making in adolescents.

Jean Piaget

Focused on cognitive development stages from childhood.

Sensorimotor Stage

Learning senses and object permanence (18-24 months).

Preoperational Stage

Symbolic thought and language development (2-7 years).

Concrete Operational Stage

Logical thinking and mathematics understanding (7-11 years).

Formal Operational Stage

Scientific reasoning development during adolescence.

Erik Erikson

Studied psychosocial development across the entire life course.

Psychosocial Stages

Development of virtues like hope and wisdom.

Feral Children

Children raised without human contact, differing from normal children.

Development of Virtues

Erikson's focus on moral and psychological growth.

Cognitive Development Influences

Factors like tumors and injuries affect cognitive growth.

Moral Development

Evolution of ethical understanding during adolescence.

Addiction Tendencies

Behavioral issues stemming from early oral fixation.

Neat-Freak

Excessive hygiene linked to childhood experiences.

Purpose of Socialization

Develop self and learn about society/culture.

Self-Concept

Understanding of oneself influenced by social interactions.

Categories of Feral Children

Wild children or those severely neglected by caregivers.

Characteristics of Feral Children

Do not walk upright, talk, or express complex feelings.

Agents of Socialization

Primary caregivers, teachers, peers, and media.

Bulldozer Parents

Strict parents who control children's decisions.

Helicopter Parents

Parents who monitor but allow some freedom.

Free-Range Parents

Parents who grant maximum freedom to children.

Symbolic Interactionism

Theory that symbols shape our perception of reality.

Reflexive Mind

Ability to reflect on one's thoughts and behaviors.

I and Me

Parts of self; 'I' is egocentric, 'Me' is social.

Role-Taking

Anticipating others' responses to one's behavior.

Stages of Role-Taking

Imitation, play, games, and minding.

Imitation Stage

Children mimic familiar individuals to learn.

Play Stage

Children engage in imaginative play without rules.

Games Stage

Children learn rules and strategy in structured play.

Minding Stage

Interacting with distant others, interpreting social cues.

Theory of Mind

Understanding others' perspectives and beliefs.

False Belief Test

Assesses children's understanding of others' knowledge.

Socrates' Career Advice

Encourages exploring beyond initial talents.

Plato's Natural Talents

Belief in inherent abilities guiding personal development.

Media Influence

Desensitizes individuals to violence and sexuality.

Minding Stage

Role taking with people who aren’t co-present with you

William James

Social psychologist defining the 'social' self.

Social Self

Multiple selves shaped by others' impressions.

Charles Horton Cooley

Introduced the 'looking glass' self concept.

Looking Glass Self

Self-image based on others' perceptions.

Appropriated Self

Adapting cultural elements as personal identity.

Desocialization

Unlearning roles and statuses from socialization.

Resocialization

Adapting to new social or cultural norms.

Erving Goffman

Developed dramaturgy and total institutions theory.

Dramaturgy

Micro-level theory analyzing social interactions.

Total Institutions

Places for intensive resocialization processes.

Types of Total Institutions

Military, prison, and mental hospitals.

Characteristics of Total Institutions

Isolated environments for resocialization purposes.

Dominant Group

Group with control over subordinates in institutions.

Subordinate Group

Group receiving care and control in institutions.

Depersonalization

Process of stripping identity upon entry.

Dehumanization

Loss of emotional expression in harsh environments.

Infantilization

Treating individuals like children over time.

Zimbardo's Mock Prison Experiment

Study on role immersion and behavior in prisons.

Role Immersion

Adopting behaviors based on assigned social roles.

The Lucifer Effect

Explains how good people commit bad acts.

Degradation Rituals

Practices to break down individual identity.