Foundations of Philippine History, Colonization, and Revolution

Vocabulary flashcards covering pre-colonial Philippine society, primary sources, Spanish colonization, the Propaganda Movement, and the Philippine Revolution.

History

The study of past events, particularly human affairs, through the analysis of available evidence.

Philippine History

The recorded events that shaped the country from pre-colonial times to the present.

Primary Sources

First-hand accounts from the past, such as documents, artifacts, oral traditions, and archaeological findings, that help historians interpret events correctly.

Laguna Copperplate Inscription (900 CE)

Found in 1989 and dating back to 900 CE, it is the oldest known written document in the Philippines, written on a copper sheet in Kawi script recording the debt forgiveness of Namwaran.

Boxer Codex (16th Century)

Created around 1590, a manuscript containing over 75 illustrations and written descriptions depicting pre-colonial Filipino and Southeast Asian cultures, clothing, weapons, and social hierarchies.

Doctrina Christiana (1593)

The first book ever printed in the Philippines, produced using wooden blocks in Spanish and Baybayin script to teach core Catholic prayers.

C-R-I-S-P

An acronym framework used to critically approach and analyze primary sources.

Maginoo

The highest social class or nobility in the pre-colonial Philippines, including datus, rajahs, sultans, and their families, who held political, economic, and military power.

Timawa

Free commoners in the pre-colonial Philippines who played essential roles in agriculture, trade, and warfare, served the Datu, and shared war spoils.

Aliping Namamahay

A type of debt-bonded worker in the pre-colonial Philippines who lived independently, worked for masters, and could not be sold.

Aliping Sagigilid

A type of debt-bonded worker in the pre-colonial Philippines who lived with their masters and had fewer rights, often due to debt, punishment, or war.

Babaylan

Pre-colonial shamans who performed rituals and healing ceremonies within the animist tradition.

Balangay (Butuan Boat)

An ancient Filipino vessel made of hardwood and wooden pegs used for trade and migration that influenced the term 'barangay' and could carry up to 50 people.

Maritime Jade Road

An ancient trade route connecting the Philippines, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia from 2000 BCE to 1000 CE, mainly trading jade items from Taiwan.

Baybayin Script

An ancient Filipino script used before and during early Spanish colonization, evolved from the Kawi script and influenced by Indian and Southeast Asian cultures.

Ferdinand Magellan

A Portuguese explorer who arrived in the Philippines in 1521 and was the first European explorer to set foot on the islands.

Battle of Mactan

A battle on April 27, 1521, in which Ferdinand Magellan was killed by Lapu-Lapu and his warriors.

Miguel López de Legazpi

Spanish colonizer who established the first permanent Spanish settlement in Cebu in 1565.

Encomienda System

A Spanish colonial system that granted settlers the right to collect tribute from local populations, leading to exploitation.

Galleon Trade

Colonial trade between Manila and Acapulco that facilitated trade between the Philippines, Mexico, and other parts of the world.

Dagohoy Rebellion (1744-1829)

A revolt that showcased long-term Filipino resistance to Spanish colonial abuses.

Religious Syncretism

The blending of religious practices during Spanish colonial rule, seen in customs like using anting-anting (amulets) and rituals honoring both saints and precolonial deities.

Gomburza

Fathers Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, who were executed on February 17, 1872, for allegedly supporting the Cavite Mutiny, inspiring Filipino nationalists.

Propaganda Movement

A reform movement emerging in the 1880s led by educated Filipinos (ilustrados) seeking peaceful reforms, national identity, and education.

Graciano López Jaena

Propaganda Movement leader who founded the newspaper La Solidaridad in 1889.

Marcelo H. del Pilar

Editor of Diariong Tagalog in 1882 who replaced Graciano López Jaena as editor of La Solidaridad in 1890.

José Rizal

Author of Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) who founded La Liga Filipina in 1892 before being exiled to Dapitan from 1892 to 1896.

La Liga Filipina

A reformist society founded in 1892 by José Rizal aiming to unite Filipinos in advocating for peaceful change and reforms.

Andres Bonifacio

The 'Father of the Philippine Revolution' who founded the Katipunan (KKK) in 1892 to overthrow Spanish rule through armed struggle.

Katipunan (KKK)

Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan; a secret revolutionary society founded in 1892 by Andres Bonifacio aiming to overthrow Spanish rule through armed struggle.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of Filipino forces against the Spanish during the latter stages of the revolution who became the first president of the First Philippine Republic.