Ancient Greece Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms related to the history of Ancient Greece, from the Minoan civilization to the Hellenistic period.

Minojská Kréta

The largest Greek island, home to a Bronze Age civilization that thrived from around 3000–1500 BCE.

Mykénské Řecko

A civilization that flourished from 1600–1100 BCE, known for its fortified palaces and warrior culture.

Homérské Řecko (Doba Temna)

The period from 1100 – 800 BCE marked by decline, ruralization, and a reliance on agriculture; knowledge of this era comes mainly from Homer's epics.

Velká řecká kolonizace

A period from 1100 – 500 BCE when Greeks established colonies throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions due to factors like land scarcity and overpopulation.

Polis

A city-state in ancient Greece, comprising a city and its surrounding countryside, with political autonomy and its own laws, army, and patron deity.

Drakón

An Athenian lawmaker in the 7th century BCE known for his harsh laws.

Solón

An Athenian statesman in the 6th century BCE who reformed the laws and abolished debt slavery.

Kleisthenés

An Athenian statesman who, around 500 BCE, divided citizens into ten new tribes and introduced ostracism.

Periklés

A statesman in the 5th century BCE who introduced direct democracy in Athens and oversaw its cultural and political development.

Helénové

The name that the Greeks called themselves.

Eupatridé

The nobility and landowners that ruled Athens from the 8th century BCE.

Archonté

The nine highest officials in Athens, who served for one year and held positions such as military commanders, religious leaders, and judges.

Hoplites

Professionals soldiers in Sparta.

Iónské povstání

The revolt of Greek cities in Asia Minor against Persian rule, which triggered the Greco-Persian Wars.

Helénismus

The period after the death of Alexander the Great (323 BCE) until the beginning of Roman rule, characterized by the blending of Greek and Oriental cultures.