Biology Cell Organelles

Cell membrane

selective, semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the whole cell. contains the cell chemical processes and controls the exchange of materials in and out of the cell/organelle.

cytoplasm

consists of liquid cytosol that contains 90% water. facilitates metabolic processes for cell survival

nucleus

double membrane w/ tiny pores. nucleolus inside. control center of the cell, protects DNA and instructions for cell activity. double membrane allows communication with the cytoplasm.

rough ER

flat, immensely folded membrane studded with ribosomes. it transports and processes proteins, synthesises lipids.

smooth ER

flat, incredibly folded membrane. its transports messages from nucleus to the cell’s environment. it also produces lipids for membrane repair.

ribosomes

small, dense granules that produce proteins for cell function and structure by joining amino acids.

golgi bodies

flat membrane, stacks of 4-10, one side curved w/ vesicles and other side flat/convex.

lyosomes

simple spherical strucutre, acidic internal environment with digestive enzymes. when ruptured, enzymes deconstruct old organelles, killing them and recycling their materials.

mitochondria

double cell membrane

vacuoles

chloroplast

cell walls