Spanish Grammar, Communication Process, and Literary Movements Review

Flashcards covering Spanish grammar, rules of accentuation, Jakobson's communication process model, functions of language, literary genres, fine arts, and major historical literary movements.

Tonic Syllable

A syllable pronounced with greater vocal force or stress within a word.

Atonic Syllable

A syllable pronounced with lesser vocal force or stress within a word.

Prosodic Accent

A type of accentuation that is pronounced in speech but not written with an accent mark.

Orthographic Accent

A type of accentuation that is both written with a tilde and pronounced.

Strong Vowels

The open vowel category in Spanish, consisting of the letters A, E, and O.

Weak Vowels

The closed vowel category in Spanish, consisting of the letters I and U.

Diptongo

The combination of two vowels in a single syllable, occurring in weak + weak, weak + strong, strong + weak, or accented weak + weak combinations.

Hiato

The separation of two adjacent vowels into distinct syllables, occurring with strong + strong or accented weak + strong combinations.

Triptongo

The combination of three vowels in a single syllable following the pattern of weak + strong + weak.

Agudas

Words stressed on the last syllable, which carry a written accent only if they end in N, S, or a vowel.

Graves

Words stressed on the penultimate syllable, which carry a written accent only if they do not end in N, S, or a vowel.

Esdrújulas

Words stressed on the antepenultimate syllable, which always require a written accent mark regardless of their ending.

Sobresdrújulas

Words stressed on the syllable preceding the antepenultimate syllable.

Communicative Process

An exchange of messages among individuals across personal, familial, academic, social, and cultural contexts to fulfill human needs.

Ramen Yakupson's Communication Model

A framework describing effective and precise communication structured around six components: sender, receiver, message, context, code, and channel.

Expressive Function

The language function associated with the sender, used to express inner emotions, feelings, and personal states.

Poetic Function

The language function centered on the message itself, designed to evoke aesthetic appreciation or enthusiasm in the receiver.

Phatic Function

The language function tied to the communication channel, used to establish, prolong, or verify proper connection between speaker and listener.

Metalinguistic Function

The language function focused on the code itself, used to analyze or verify the proper usage of language rules.

Referential Function

The language function centered on the context, predominantly utilized in informative texts to describe reality objectively.

Conative Function

Also called the operative function, it focuses on the receiver with the intent to convince, persuade, or direct action.

Fine Arts

Disciplines intended to communicate aesthetic emotions and beauty, listed as music, architecture, literature, painting, dance, and sculpture.

Non-Literary Texts

Objective, concise, and clear texts whose primary intent is to inform or persuade, including instructional, normative, and advertising formats.

Literary Texts

Texts using artistic language to fulfill an aesthetic function, conveying both objective feeling and subjective thought.

Epic-Narrative Genre

A literary category expressed in prose or verse, comprising subgenres like short story, fable, novel, legend, myth, and epic poem.

Lyrical Genre

A literary category focused on expressing personal emotions through prose or verse, including poetry, eclogues, short stories, and odes.

Dramatic Genre

A literary category written for performance or representation, divided into tragedy, comedy, and tragicomedy.

Literary Movements

Historical currents in writing that evolved around human values and created intellectual connections among authors to capture reality.

Clasicismo

A movement originating in ancient Greece and Rome that pursued order, beauty, and perfection, producing works like the Odyssey by Homero and Edipo rey by Súpodes.

Medieval Literature

European literary period influenced heavily by the Catholic Church, promoting religious and chivalric values, exemplary in Cantar de mio Cid.

Renacimiento

A human-centered cultural movement exploring themes of love and nature, represented by figures like Dante Lieguegui, Francesco Bretárica, and Giovanni Bocaccia.

Barroco

An artistic movement featuring an ornate, complex, and pessimistic style, represented by authors like Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra and Pedro Calderón de la Banca.

Realismo

A movement focused on objective, precise reproduction of everyday reality, using the novel as its main medium through authors like Fidro Dopsuyetki, Gustave Flovet, and Lyon Zorzo.

Modernismo

A poetic movement driven by aesthetic and artistic renewal, famously represented by Juan Rubén Darío and his work Azul.

Avant-Garde

A post-WWI movement seeking radical literary transformation by rejecting traditional forms and blending fine arts, sound, and color, represented by Vicente Haydor.

Postmodernismo

A contemporary movement emerging after traditional themes were exhausted, defined by narrative experimentation and linguistic games, seen in works by Julio Cortázar.

Conflict

The central dramatic force driving narrative action, manifesting either internally within a character or externally against other characters or the environment.

Novela

A narrative medium used to explore the human condition and reflect societal and emotional realities.