Anatomy Muscles (UE, LE, Trunk)

Pectoralis Major origin

Clavicular Head ->anterior/medial half of clavicle, Sternocostal Head -> anterior surface of the sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

pectoralis major insertion

lateral lip of intertubercular groove

pectoralis major innervation

lateral & medial pectoral nerves

pectoralis major function

adducts/medially rotates humerus, draws scapula anterior & inferiorly, clavicular head flexes humerus, sternocostal head extends humerus from flexed position

Pectoralis Minor origin

3rd-5th ribs near costal cartilages

pectoralis minor insertion

medial & superior surface of coracoid process

pectoralis minor innervation

medial & lateral pectoral nerve

pectoralis minor function

Stabilizes scapula draws it inferior & anteriorly against thoracic wall

Subclavius origin

junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage

subclavius insertion

inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

subclavius innervation

nerve to subclavius

subclavius function

anchors & depresses clavicle

Serratus Anterior origin

external surfaces of lateral 1st-8th ribs

serratus anterior insertion

anterior surface of medial border of scapula (includes superior & inferior angles)

serratus anterior innervation

long thoracic nerve

serratus anterior function

Protracts scapula & holds against thoracic wall, rotates scapula

trapezius origin

medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T12

trapezius insertion

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

trapezius innervation

spinal accessory nerve & C3-C4 nerves

trapezius function

descending part elevates scapula, ascending part depresses scapula, middle part retracts scapula, descending & ascending part rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

latissimus dorsi origin

spinous process of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs

latissimus dorsi insertion

floor of bicipital groove

latissimus dorsi innervation

thoracodorsal nerve

latissimus dorsi function

extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus, raises body towards arms while climbing

Levator Scapulae origin

posterior tubercles of C1-C4 vertebrae

I: medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine

N: dorsal scapular & C3-C4 nerves

A: elevates scapula, downward rotation of scapula

Levator Scapulae insertion

medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine

Levator Scapulae innervation

dorsal scapular & C3-C4 nerves

Levator Scapulae function

elevates scapula, downward rotation of scapula

Rhomboid Minor origin

nuchal ligament, spinous process C7 & T1

Rhomboid Minor insertion

medial end of scapular spine (triangular area)

Rhomboid Minor innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid Minor function

retract scapula & downward rotation of scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall

Rhomboid Major origin

spinous process T2-T5

Rhomboid Major insertion

medial border of scapula from spine of scapula to inferior angle

Rhomboid Major innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid Major function

retract scapula & downward rotation of scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall

Deltoid origin

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

deltoid insertion

deltoid tuberosity

deltoid innvervation

axillary

deltoid function

clavicular part -> flexes & internally rotates arm, acromial part -> abducts arm, spinal part-> extends & externally rotates arm

Supraspinatus origin

supraspinous fossa of scapula

Supraspinatus insertion

superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Supraspinatus innervation

suprascapular nerve

Supraspinatus function

assists deltoid in abducting arm

Infraspinatus origin

infraspinous fossa of scapula

Infraspinatus insertion

middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Infraspinatus innervation

suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus function

externally rotates arm

Teres Minor origin

middle part of lateral border of scapula

Teres Minor insertion

inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Teres Minor innervation

axillary nerve

Teres Minor function

externally rotates arm

Teres Major origin

posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

Teres Major insertion

medial lip of bicipital groove

Teres Major innervation

lower subscapular nerve

Teres Major function

adducts & internally rotates arm

Subscapularis origin

subscapular fossa

Subscapularis insertion

lesser tubercle

Subscapularis innervation

upper & lower subscapular nerve

Subscapularis function

internally rotates arm, holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Biceps Brachii origin

short head-> coracoid process, long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Biceps Brachii insertion

radial tuberosity, fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Biceps Brachii innervation

musculocutaneous nerve

Biceps Brachii function

supinates forearm, flexes shoulder, when supine it flexes forearm, short head resists dislocation of shoulder

Coracobrachialis origin

tip of coracoid process

Coracobrachialis function

flex & adduct arm, resists dislocation

Coracobrachialis innervation

musculocutaneous nerve

Coracobrachialis insertion

middle third of medial humerus

Brachialis origin

distal 1/2 of anterior humerus

Brachialis insertion

coronoid process & ulnar tuberosity

Brachialis innervation

musculocutaneous & radial nerve

Brachialis function

flexes forearm in all positions

Triceps Brachii origin

long head -> infraglenoid tubercle, lateral head-> posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove, medial head -> posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove

Triceps Brachii insertion

proximal end of olecranon & fascia of forearm

Triceps Brachii innervation

radial nerve

Triceps Brachii function

forearm extension, shoulder extension, long head resists dislocation

Anconeus origin

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Anconeus insertion

lateral surface of olecranon & superior part of posterior surface of ulna

Anconeus innervation

radial nerve

Anconeus function

assists tricep in extending forearm, stabilizes elbow, abducts ulna during pronation

Brachioradialis origin

proximal 2/3 of lateral supra-epicondylar ridge

Brachioradialis insertion

lateral surface of distal radius proximal to styloid process

Brachioradialis innervation

radial nerve

Brachioradialis function

weak forearm flexion, maximal forearm flexion when in neutral

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus origin

lateral supra-epicondylar ridge

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus insertion

dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus innervation

radial nerve

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus function

extend & radial deviation of wrist

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis origin

lateral epicondyle

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis insertion

dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis innervation

radial nerve

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis function

extend & radial deviation of wrist

Extensor Digitorum origin

lateral epicondyle

Extensor Digitorum insertion

extensor expansions of medial four digits

Extensor Digitorum innervation

radial nerve

Extensor Digitorum function

extends medial four digits at mainly metacarpophalangeal joints, secondly interphalangeal

Extensor Digiti Minimi origin

lateral epicondyle

Extensor Digiti Minimi insertion

extensor expansion of 5th digit

Extensor Digiti Minimi innervation

radial nerve

Extensor Digiti Minimi function

extends 5th digit at metacarpophalangeal joint, secondarily interphalangeal joints