Solutions

solution

A homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances, where a solute is dissolved in a solvent.

solvent

The component in a solution that is present in the largest amount and is in the same physical state as the resulting solution.

suspensions

Mixtures with particle sizes greater than 100 nm that do not stay mixed without agitation.

colloidal solution

A mixture with particle sizes between 1 to 100 nm that maintains a consistent distribution.

true solution

A homogeneous mixture with particle sizes less than 1 nm.

like dissolves like

A principle stating that polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.

concentration

The measure of how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solution.

percent concentration (w/w)%

The grams of solute dissolved in 100 g of solution.

molarity (M)

A concentration unit that shows the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution.

one mole

The quantity of a substance that contains Avogadro's number of particles, approximately 6.02 x 10^23.

titer

A volume concentration measurement showing the grams of solute dissolved in 1 mL of solution.

dilution

The process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution by adding more solvent.

normal saline solution

A mixture of sodium chloride (0.9% w/v) in water, isotonic with human blood.

meniscus

The curved surface at the top of a column of liquid in a container.

C1 x V1 = C2 x V2

The equation used to calculate the concentrations and volumes in dilution.

grams of solute in (w/v)%

The grams of solute dissolved in 100 mL of solution.

grams of solute in (v/v)%

The milliliters of solute dissolved in 100 mL of solution.

grams of solute in (w/w)%

The grams of solute dissolved in 100 g of the solution.

Avogadro's number

The number of particles in one mole, equal to approximately 6.02 x 10^23.

osmolarity

A measure of solute concentration, specifically the number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution.