Exam 2 Review pt 1

Embryology + Normal 1st Tri

Normal hCG threshold for normal pregnancies

> 1,000 IU/ ml

What produces hCG?

trophoblast

hCG can be tested using a _____ test and a _____ test

urine, blood

What structure produces progesterone?

corpus luteum

AFP stands for

alpha fetoprotein

AFP is produced by the _____ _____ in early gestation and the _____ ______ in gestation

yolk sac, fetal liver

If AFP is elevated it could indicate ____ ____ or _______ pregnancies

spina bifida, multiple

If AFP is LOW it could indicate ______ ______ like trisomy 21 or the ______ pt dates

chromosome abnormalities, incorrect

A ______ is a fertilized egg that rapidly divides thru the fallopian tube

zygote

A _____ is a hollow fluid filled mass that has 2 layers

blastocyst

What are the 2 layers of a blastocyst?

inner + outer

The INNER layer of the blastocyst is made up of the ______ + ___ ___ which evenly become the _____

amniotic + yolk sac, embryo

The OUTER layer of the blastocyst is made up of the ______ which burrows into the endometrium + eventually becomes the ______ tissue

trophoblast, placenta

A ____ is a ball of 16-32 fluid filled cells (comes after the zygote)

Morula

Gravid = # of _____

pregnancies

Parity = # of _____ ____

live births

What clinical history should you always ask your patient when performing an OB ultrasound?

LNP

Double bleb sign you see the ______ + _____ w/ an _____ bw them

amniotic + yolk sac, embryo

What sono sign is this showing?

Double bled sign

The ______ sac is round/oval shape and implants into the UT fundus

gestational

This image is showing what?

Gestational sac

How do you calc the MSD?

MSD = (L + W + H) / 3

The MSD is accurate until ____ and grows an avg of ____/day

8/9 wk, 1 mm

The _____ ____ is the 1st structure seen w/i the gestational sac

yolk sac

You can’t ID an embryo on US till after the _____ beats (____ wk)

heart, 5.5 wk

The embryo/fetal pole is bw the ____ ___ + ____ ___ wall

yolk sac + gest sac

The embryo goes from ____ —> disklike/”__” shaped

flat, C

The ____ is the most accurate in determining gest age

CRL

The CRL is accurate until wk _____

12

When does heart activity start? What is the normal range?

5.5 wk, 120-180 bpm

The _____ membrane houses the yolk sac + the ______ membrane houses the embryo

chorion, amnion

The chorion is the _____ ground for embryo ____

dumping, waste

The chorion + amnion fuses together by _____

14-16 wk

What are the 3 layers of the decidual reaction

Basalis, capsularis, perietalis/vera

The  Decidua BASALIS = ______ chorion/Chorion Frondosum

Rough

Decidua _______ = smooth chorion/Chorion Villi

CAPULARIS

Decidua________ = lines the endometrial cavity + cervix

PERIETALIS/VERA

The D. basalis is where the ____ is

embryo

The D capsularis covers the _______

conceptus

Match the layers

1. D capularis

2. D. vera

3. D. basalis

The corpus luteum is sustained by ____ + produces _____

hCG, progesterone

A regressed corpus luteum is called the ____ ____

corpus albicans

What sono sign is associated with the corpus luteum

ring of fire

What is the normal measurement for cervix during pregnancy?

> 3cm

Normal Nuchal translucency = ____

< 2mm

Normal Physiologic gut herniation is about ___-__ mm and returns back to the abdo by wk ___

5-9mm, 12

The _____ is also called the hindbrain and splits into 2

Rhombencephalon

What does the Rhombencephalon spilt into (3 brain parts)

Cerebellum, pons, Medulla

Bone ______ starts during wk 12

ossification

What is this image showing?

corpus luteum