JLPT N3 文法（１−１０）

[Verb Stem] + 上げる・上がる

to finish doing 〜 [Verb]

[Verb Stem] + 上げる

to [verb] completely/thoroughly; to finish [verb]ing

• transitive（を）

• 作り上げる・調べ上げる・書き上げる：to completely create/build・to thoroughly investigate・to write completely/to the end

[Verb Stem] + 上がる

to reach a resulting/completed state

• intransitive（が）

• 立ち上がる・晴れ上がる：to stand up (motion of moving/rising into new state - sitting to standing)・to clear up completely (reaching a fully clear state)

• ex. 晴れる - to be clear and 晴れ上がる - to clear up

政治家たちは、国の政について話し合うために会議を開いて、新しい制度を作り上げた。

The politicians held a meeting to discuss government affairs and created a whole, new system.

• 政治家：politicians・政：formal/literary, gov’t・開く：to hold (meeting)

• 作ります・作り＋上げる・作り上げた：create/build something completely

会議中、政治についての議論が盛り上がって、長い間されていた問題も明らかになった。

During the meeting, the discussion about politics became lively, and the problems that had been hidden for a long time also became clear.

• 会議:meeting/conference・政治:politics/gov’t・議論:discussion/debate

• 盛り上がる：to become lively/excited (to reach a heightened/lively state, raise discussion intensity to the max/”complete” level, etc…)

• 明らかになる： to become clear/evident (naturally, lacks a direct person who caused it to become clear/evident)

• [passive] ～ていた： had been ~ing / was in a state of ~

[Dict. Verb]・[た Verb]・Noun (+の)　＋　あまり

so much… that

あまりに（も）＋　Verb・Adverb・Adjective

あまりの　＋　Noun

too much… so much… that… excessively ~

新たな言葉をあまりにも暗記しようとしたので、あらゆる言葉が顔の中で混ざってしまった。

I tried to memorize so many new words that all kinds of words got mixed up in my head.

• 新た:new/fresh・暗記:memorization・あらゆる:all/every kind of

• あまりにも〜ので：so ~ that…; to such an extent that…

父は娘を心配するあまり、倒れてしまった。

The father was so overcome with worry for his daughter that he collapsed.

• 心配するあまり：so overcome (with worry) that…

Verb (stem form) + 合う（あう）

do something together

• ～合う generally implies reciprocal/mutual action, so it works best when the action naturally goes both ways

文明が発達するにつれて、人々は互いに付け合い、生活のさまざまな部分を改善していった。

As civilization developed, people helped one another and gradually improved various parts of their lives.

• 文明:civilization・発達:development/advancement・部分:part/section

• 助ける → 助け＋合う → 助け合う： to help each other

分析した結果について話し合うことで、それぞれの部の違いがはっきり分かった。

By discussing the results of the analysis with each other, the differences between the sections became clear.

• 分析:analysis・分:part/portion/amount・部:section/dept/division

• 話す → 話し＋合う → 話し合う： to discuss; to talk something over with each other

Verb (ば conditional form) + いい

should; can; it’d be good if

Verb (ば conditional form)

飲みます・飲めます・飲め＋ば

食べます・たべ＋れば

すれば・くれば

この分野で高い地位を得るには、どんな経験を積めばいいですか。

What kind of experience should I gain to attain a high position in this field?

• 地位:position/status・分野:field/area of study/work

• 積む（積む・積め＋ば）:to accumulate/to gain (experience)

• ~ばいい：should 〜; it would be good to 〜; what should I do?

市の地平線に近い場所で父と待ち合わせればいい。

I should meet my dad at a place near the city’s horizon.

• 市 : city・・・地平線 : horizon

• 待ち合わせる:to arrange to meet/to meet at an agreed place

• ~ばいい：should 〜; it would be good to 〜; what should I do?

Verb (ば conditional form) + よかった

should have; would have been better if (I did … )