Exam 2: Suppositories

Dosage form for insertion into body orifices

Suppositories

How do suppositories exert local or systemic effects

Melt, soft, or dissolve

Suppository that’s inserted into the urethra for men

Bougies

Vaginal suppositories

Pessaries

The rectum is part of the ____, forming the last 150-200 mm of the GIT

Colon

What is the mH of the rectum’s mucous layer

7.5

Rectal suppositories are usually about ____ mm long.

32

How do rectal suppositories induce local effects

Keep retention within the cavity

When are local affecting rectal suppositories used for?

Relieve constipation, pain, irritation, itching associated with hemorrhoids

Physiologic factors that affect rectum drug absorption

Colonic content (enema may be needed)

Circulation route (rectum vascularization)

Rectal fluid pH (neutral)

Drug/Suppository Base factors that affect rectum drug absorption

Partition Co-efficient of drug to suppository base

Drug particle sizes

Nature of suppository base

Pessaries can be either suppositories or ___ ___

Compressed Tablets

What are Pessaries used for?

Infections of genitourinary tract

Contraception

What infections can be treated with Pessaries

Trichomonas vaginalis

Candida albican

Heamophilus vaginalis

Bougies are usually ___ mm

5

What are Bougies used for

Local infections

What drug can be administered as a Bougie to treat erectile dysfunction

Alprostadil

What concentration range are usually used for suppositories

0.1% - 40%

What are the different types of bases used for suppositories

Fatty/Oleaginous

Water-soluble

Miscellaneous (both)

Which base is the most used and have a melting point below the body temp?

Oleaginous Bases

What are examples of Oleaginous Bases

Coco butter

Fattibase (triglycerides from palm kernel & coconut oil)

Wecobee bases (triglycerides from coconut oil)

What are examples of Water-soluble bases

Glycerinated Gelatin

PEGs

what water soluble base ingredient is used as a melting point depressant

Glycerin

What are the components of Glycerinated Gelatin

Granular gelatin (20%)

Glycerin (70%)

Water (10%)

The tendency to absorb moisture from ait

Hygroscopic

What ingredient is Hygroscopic and may cause irritation to tissues

Glycerin

Methods to prep suppositories

Molding from a melt

Compression

Hand rolling/shaping

Steps to Molding from a Melt

• Melting the base

• Incorporating API

• Pour melt into mold

• Let melt cool and congeal

• Remove from mold

Steps to Calibrate the Mold

• Prep molded suppositories with base alone

• Weight individually and the total weight

• Melt suppositories to find volume

When calibrating molds, bases have differing ___

Densities

Steps to Compressing Suppositories

• Base and other ingredients are combined

• Mixing softens base into paste

• Paste is compressed into a suppository via machine

Compression suppositories contain what type of API

Heat Labile (easily altered by heat)

T/F: Vaginal suppositories are used more often than Vaginal Tablet

False