8. Intelligence Testing & Clinical Judgement

Intelligence

is commonly defined as the ability to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment (Wechsler, 1939). It encompasses learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and the capacity to adapt to new situations.

Multifaceted

Modern psychologists view intelligence as __, involving both inherited and environmental factors.

Intelligence testing

is an essential part of clinical evaluation. It aims to measure an individual’s cognitive abilities, reasoning skills, problem-solving capacity, and overall intellectual functioning.

Standardized test

Clinical psychologists assess intelligence using ___ that evaluate both verbal and nonverbal abilities.

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales

it identifies children needing educational assistance and were later revised. The test measures a wide range of cognitive abilities, including reasoning, memory, and problem-solving. It provides an IQ score representing general intellectual ability. The test can be administered to individuals across a wide age range, from young children to adults, and includes verbal and nonverbal subtests.

WPPSI-III (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Third Edition)

assesses early cognitive abilities and provides insight into verbal and nonverbal intelligence. It is useful for early identification of developmental delays or exceptional abilities. 2-7 y/o

WISC-IV (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition)

It helps identify learning difficulties, giftedness, and intellectual strengths and weaknesses.6-16 y/o

WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition)

measures verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed. It provides an overall IQ score as well as scores for each cognitive domain. 16 - 90 y/o

Clinical Judgement

refers to the process by which psychologists and other mental health professionals interpret assessment data and make informed decisions regarding diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Clinical approach

relies primarily on the clinician’s intuition, professional experience, and understanding of the client. Decisions are made by interpreting behavioral observations, interview data,and contextual information. While this approach allows for flexibility and individualized assessment, it is susceptible to personal biases.

Statistical or actuarial approach

depends on empirical data, standardized tests, and
statistical models to make predictions about client outcomes. This approach is more objective and less influenced by personal judgment, often providing higher accuracy in predicting certain behaviors or risks.