AQA Biology GCSE Topic 1: Cell Biology

Flashcards cover key concepts in AQA GCSE Biology on Cell Biology, including cell structure, functions, differentiation, transport mechanisms, and microscopy.

What are the two main types of cells in living organisms?

Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells.

What structures do eukaryotic cells possess that are not typically found in prokaryotic cells?

Nucleus containing DNA.

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

It contains DNA coding for proteins needed to build new cells.

What is the purpose of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis takes place, harvesting light needed for food production.

What is cell differentiation?

The process by which a cell gains new sub-cellular structures to be suited to its role.

What are stem cells?

Undifferentiated cells that can divide to produce differentiated cells.

What is the primary function of ribosomes in cells?

Ribosomes are where protein synthesis occurs.

What term describes the process of water moving from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one?

Osmosis.

What happens to plant cells when placed in a hypertonic solution?

Water moves out, causing the cell to become soft and potentially undergo plasmolysis.

What are the three stages of the cell cycle?

Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis.

What is diffusion?

The spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

How do root hair cells adapt for their function?

They have a large surface area to absorb water and mineral ions.

What is the key difference between active transport and diffusion?

Active transport requires energy to move particles against their concentration gradient.

What is the maximum magnification of a light microscope?

Approximately x2000.

What does the term 'zone of inhibition' refer to in antibiotic testing?

The clear area around an antibiotic disc on an agar plate where bacteria have died.

What is the formula to calculate the size of an object using magnification?

Size of object = size of image / magnification.