Digestive System and Enzymes

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the digestive system and the role of enzymes in digestion.

What are the three main enzymes involved in chemical digestion?

Amylase, protease, and lipase.

What does amylase do in the digestive system?

Amylase breaks down carbohydrates (starch) into simple sugars.

Why are metabolic processes, such as digestion, regulated by enzymes?

Enzymes help control the speed and efficiency of metabolic processes.

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Autotrophs produce their own energy while heterotrophs consume other organisms for energy.

What is the role of physical digestion in the digestive system?

It breaks down food into smaller chunks.

What are the two types of digestion mentioned in the notes?

Physical (mechanical) digestion and chemical digestion.

How does lipase aid in digestion?

Lipase breaks down fats in the small intestine.

What happens in the stomach during digestion?

Food is mixed with HCl and pepsin, and proteases break down proteins.

What are villi and their function in the small intestine?

Villi are finger-like projections that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.

Why are protein-digesting enzymes secreted in inactive forms in the stomach?

To prevent them from digesting the stomach lining before food enters.

How is water absorbed in the large intestine?

Through osmosis, allowing for absorption of water used as a solvent for digestive juices.

What happens to undigested food in the large intestine?

Bacteria absorb undigested food and release vitamins in a mutualistic relationship.

What is chyme?

The mushy food mixture that is created in the stomach and further mixed in the small intestine.

What prevents damage to the small intestine lining?

Healthy villi aid in the absorption of nutrients and protect against damage.