The Early Counter Reformation - Final:

The Escorial:

A Spanish monastery and palace built by the Spanish king Philip II.

When did the building of The Escorial begin?

Begun in 1562 under the architectural supervision of Italian Juan de Toledo, the Escorial reflects Italian Renaissance models.

The Spanish Empire:

The church profited financially from the Spanish conquest. Phillip II considered himself the leader of the Counter-Reformation because he controlled the largest empire in the world and the wealth in gold and silver that it produced.

Plan of Tenochtitlan:

Gold-laden temples towered above the city. Gardens rich in flowers and fruit and markets available dominated the city.

Pizarro in Peru:

Inca Empire Pizarro found in Peru was one of the largest empires in the world.

Atahuallpa:

Representations of the Incus kinds. Among the Indian nobility who traced their heritage back.

What does the frame labels around Arahuallpa say?

Bastard Tyrant.

The Counter-Reformation:

the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)

The Council of Trent:

Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend.

Title Page of Palestrina's Missarum liber primus:

Notable for the way it carries out the requirements of the Council of Trenth through restraining the music so that the words stand out in utter clarity.

Mannerism:

Style of refined elegance, reflecting the virtuosity and sophistication of its practitioners.

What did mannerism result in?

In art with an eccentricity and often frank sensuality almost the opposite of that called for by the Council of Trent

Michelangelo and the Rise of Mannerism:

The counter-reformations demand for clarity and directness did not constrain so original an artist as Michelangelo.

Michelangelo's Rise of Mannerism:

Victory and The Last Judgement

Mannerist Arts:

As long as painting confined itself to depicting non-religious subjects for nonreligious venues.

Mannerist Works:

Correggio and Titian

Bronzino's Allegory with Venus and Cupid:

The governing theme of painting is Luxuria - Sensual Indulgence.

Who had a Mannerist Sculpture?

Giorgio Vasari and Giovanni Bologna.

Giovanni Bologna:

Rape of the Sabine Women

Benvenuto Cellni:

Perseus and Saltcellar of Francis I

The rise of women artists:

Italian Renaissance - Sofonisba Anguissola, Lavinia Fontana

Sofonisba Anguissola Painting:

Bernardino Campi Painting Sofonisba Anguissola

Lavinia Fontana Painting:

Consecration of the Virgin

El Greco Meaning:

The Greek

El Greco:

Traveled from Crete to Italy to Spain and wedded mannerism.

El Greco's Art:

Resurrection. Celebrates raw physicality even as it presents the greatest spiritual mystery of the Christian faith.