Age of Absolutism

A. Charles V* Inherits Two Crowns

1. Ruling the Hapsburg Empire*

a. Charles=grandson of

Ferdinand & Isabella

b.=ruler of Spain + Holy Roman

Empire

2. Charles V Abdicates

a. Empire too spread out

b. =gave up throne & entered

monastery

c.=brother Ferdinand took over

d. His son, Philip II became

King of Spain

Philip II* Solidifies Power

(Charles’ son) =ruled 1527-98

1. Centralized (Absolute) Power

a. =absolute monarch w/ divine right

b. Spain wealthy due to American

colonies

c. Philip a devout Catholic

i. 4 marriages to create

alliances

d. Alliance w/ England:

1. Philip + Mary Tudor married (both

Catholics)=no kids, Mary died

in 4 yrs.

. The Armada* Sails Against England

a. Spain (Philip) v. England

(Elizabeth I) in 1588

b. Spanish Armada=invasion force

c. =English beat Spanish in the

English Channel=Spanish defeat

An Empire Declines: (Spain)

a. Due to:

1. Defeat of Spanish Armada

2. Philip’s successors not good

rulers

3. Economic problems:

i. Cost of overseas wars

ii. Neglect of farming

iii. Heavy taxation of middle class

iv. Inflation

New (Greater) European Powers:

=rise of England, France, Netherlands

Phillip II 1556-98

Catholic in SPAIN

• Centralized power

• More colonies in New World

• =more tax$ for Spain

• =bigger Navy & Army

• Made more Catholics in the New World

II. FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XIV –pg 510

A. Henry IV* Restores Order

1. Religious Strife (in France)

a. Catholics (majority)

i. Huguenots* (French

Protestants) minority

y

F

2. Bringing Peace to a Shattered Land

a. Henry IV=Huguenot turned Catholic

King of France

1. Edict of Nantes*= gave religious

tolerance in France

b. Increased govt power=decrease of

nobles

c. Helped peasants =“chicken in every

pot”

+

=

d. Built/improved roads & bridges

e. Revived agriculture

=increase in govt bureaucracy

3. Cardinal Richelieu* Strengthens

Royal Authority

a. Henry IV assassinated

=son Louis XIII ( age 9)

b. Musketeers = bodyguards for

royal family

c. Cardinal Richelieu:

chief advisor to Louis XIII

1. Wanted to end power of

Huguenots & nobles

B. An Absolute Monarch Rises

1. Louis XIV “The Sun King”

a. Age 5 when became king,

ruled 72 yrs (1643-1715)

2. “I Am the State”

a. =absolute power through divine

right*

3. Louis XIV (1643-1715) Strengthens

Royal Power (very CATHOLIC)

a. Followed Richelieu’s Policies:

1. Appointed intendents* (collect

taxes, recruit army)

a. from wealthy middle class

=strongest army in Europe

=decrease of power of Church &

nobles

4. Colbert Builds France’s Finances

a. Jean Baptiste Colbert*=finance

minister

1. Mercantilist policies to boost economy

2. Created more farmland

3. Encouraged industry

4. Built up luxury trade

5. High tariffs=protected French

business

6. Expanded French colonies overseas

=France wealthiest nation in Europe

C. A Strong State Declines

1. Waging Costly Wars

a. English, Dutch (Protestants):

tried to stop French

2. Persecuting Huguenots

a. 1685Edict of Nantes revoked

=(no more religious tolerance in

France)

1.=100,000 Huguenots left

France =loss to economy

PROBLEMS IN FUTURE (18th c.) FOR

FRANCE:

1. Too much power to govt

2. Costs of army + overseas colonies

3. High taxes

4. Costs of Louis court & lifestyle

Louis XIV 1643-1715

CATHOLIC in FRANCE

• Strongest army in world

• New World colonies

• =more tax $ for France

• Created Industry=jobs

• More Farms

• Revoked Edict of Nantes

III. PARLIAMENT TRIUMPHS IN

ENGLAND –pg. 516

A. The Tudors Work With Parliament

1. Henry VIII & Elizabeth I: both

consulted & worked with

Parliament=good relationship

 Elizabeth’s reign:

1558-1603

Elizabeth’s reign

1558-1603

(Protestant)

• England’s “Golden Age”

• Sent out explorers to claim

New World lands

• Religious peace during her reign

• Defeated the Spanish Armada

• Left England as the richest & most

powerful nation on the planet!

B. A Century of Revolution Begins

1. Stuarts Issue a Challenge

a. Elizabeth I died w/ no heirs=her

cousin James I (Catholic) took over

1. He believed in divine

right=clashed with Parliament

2. Clashed w/ religious dissenters*

a. example: Puritans*

2. Parliament Responds

a. Charles I* (James’ son) CATHOLIC

Reign: 1625-1649

1. He dissolved Parliament

2. Still needed $ for wars:

a. In Scotland v. Calvinists

(Protestant)

=summoned Parliament back

=payback coming to Charles!

3. The Long Parliament Begins (13 yrs)

a. Results:

1. Tried & executed Charles’

advisors

2. Called for abolition of bishops

3. Declared parliament could not

be dissolved ever again

b.=Parliament v. Charles I = Civil War

C. Fighting a Civil War ( in England) 9 yrs

1. Cavaliers

-Charles allies

v.

-House of Lords

wealthy, nobles

Catholics

Roundheads

-Parliament & allies

-House of Commons-

-gentry,

merchants, Puritans,

middle class

Oliver Cromwell*--

general

=WON, took Charles

prisoner & put on

trial

. Charles I put on trial & executed in 1649

b. =monarchs had to have support of people or

that monarch could be removed (=divine right

didn’t matter)

c. =message to rest of Europe’s monarchs

b. Challenges:

1. Charles II (Bonny Prince Charlie)

& Scotland

2. Irish problem

3. Levellers

c. Cromwell

=Lord Protector

(=a dictator)

Ruled England

1653-1658

Charles I

ruled England 1625-1649

(Catholic)

• Didn’t kill Protestants for being

Protestant

• Refused to give in to Parliament

• Died like a King

Cromwell & the Commonwealth

1. Challenging the Commonwealth

a. 1st Actions:

1. Abolished monarchy

2. Abolished House of Lords=only

House of Commons left in Parliament

3. Abolished Church of England

4. Declared England a

republic=commonwealth

5. Cromwell to be the leader

Oliver Cromwell

2. Puritans: A Sobering Influence

a. Goalroot out Godlessness

b. New laws:

1. No swearing on Sundays

2. Against gambling, drinking,

theater, dancing, sports,

Christmas

3. Public Education: in order to

read Bible= PUBLIC EDUCATION

for all

4. Stronger marriage laws,

based on love

3. Commonwealth Ends (1660)

a. Cromwell died (1658)

b. Parliament invited Charles II to

rule=restoration of th

3. Commonwealth Ends (1660)

a. Cromwell died (1658)

b. Parliament invited Charles II to

rule=restoration of the monarchy

c. Lasting Puritan ideals:

1. Morality

2. Equality

3. Govtless absolutism

4. Public Education with tax $

Oliver Cromwell

ruled England 1653-1658

Protestant (Puritan)

• Defeated Charles I

• Won England’s Civil War

• Dissolved House of Lords

• Made England a Commonwealth (republic)

• Public Education

• Lasting Puritan ideals: morality, equality,

less absolute monarchy

The Restoration (from handout)

1. Charles II invited to rule: 1660

2. James II (Charles II’s brother):

inherited throne in 1685=unpopular

because Catholic

James II

Charles II

The King of

Bling

Charles II

http://www.youtub

e.com/watch?v=P

2kyNbZc7oc

F. The Glorious Revolution*

(=a coup=nonviolent govt overthrow)

1. Parliament Overthrows James II

a. 1688: James II thrown out & his

daughter Mary, & her husband

William took over

=both Protestants

G. English Bill of Rights*

1. King must work with Parliament

regularly

2. House of Commons to control $

3. Upheld rights of people

4. =England now a limited

monarchy*

=no more absolutism in England

=Parliament has the power

5. Toleration Act*

a. Religious freedom in England

IV. ABSOLUTISM IN RUSSIA

A. Peter the Great*

=czar from 1682-1725

1. Centralized royal power

(absolutism)

2. All Russia under his authority

3. Reduced power of nobles (=more

for him)

4. Took control of Russian Orthodox

Church= autocrat

5. Expanded Russian territory

6. Built St. Petersburg

7. Westernization Under Peter:

a. Tried to modernize Russia

b. Simplified Russian alphabet

c. Developed mining & textile

industry

d. Beard Tax

. Peter’s Strong Foreign

Policy:

a. Created largest army in

Europe:

i. used the draft

b. Built a strong, large Navy

c. Took Alaska for Russia

Peter the Great*

=ruled Russia 1682-1725

Orthodox Christian

• Created largest army in Europe

• Built a strong, large Navy

• Took Alaska for Russia

• Expanded Russian territory

• Built St. Petersburg

• modernized Russia

• Simplified Russian alphabet

B. Catherine the Great* Follows Peter’s

Lead (crowned Catherine II) pg 533

1. Rise to Power

a. German princess married Russian

prince

1. Her husband murdered=Czarina

2. Enlightened Ruler

a. Accomplishments:

1. Reorganized govt

2. Clarified laws

3. Education for all by govt

4. Embrace European ideas,

values, especially anything

French

3. A Ruthless Absolute Monarch

a. Life of peasants grew worse=more

serfs, no taxes for Boyars

b. Expanded Russia’s borders even

more =more ports

=more tax $

Catherine the Great

ruled Russia 1762-96

Orthodox Christian

• Expanded Russia’s borders even

more

• more ports

• more tax $

• Education for all by govt

• Embrace European ideas,

values, especially anything

French

1500s=Spain

• 1600s=England

• 1700s=France

• 1800s=England

• 1900s=USA