Phylum Arthopoda

These are just key terms and orders. Actually study your notes

Mutable connective tissue

ability to alter rigidity of the dermis in a few second

→ udner direct neurual conntrol

Dipleurula

larval stage of echniodermata that contains bilateral symmetry

Amubulacrum

furrows of asteroidea, echinoidea, holothuroidea, and crinoidea that extend radially along each arm

→ contains 2-4 podia

Maderporite

cpnnection between the water vascular system and the exterior eenviroment

Xiphosura

class of horseshoe crabs

apart of subphlyum chelicerata

Chelicera

hook shaped legs that tend to altch onto femaels during mating

present in Xiphosura and Piconogondia

Acon

the head and first 5 segments of crusteans

Pereon

Thorax of crusteaceans consisiting of the carapace

Pereopods

appendages attached to the pereon

Pleon

abdomen of crusteceans

Pleopods

appendages on the pleon

Cheliped

large defenisve claw taht is a pereopod

Maxillipeds

anterior throaxic appendages

carapace

fused exoskeleton covering the head and throax

Aesthetascs

sensory setae on crusteceans

Proprioreceptors

sensory system that provdes the central nervous system with information needed to coordinate locomotion and posutre

→ detects and reprots degree of contraction of muscles and angle of felxion of body joints

Nauplis

basic crustean larvae

use large anteane to swim

single naupilar eye

Copeopodites

larval stage that is between nauplis and adult copeopod

zoeae

crab larvae

Megalope

crab post larvae; full set of appendages

Gonopods

modified appendages in crusteans used for sperm transfer into the female

Class Rimipedia

class of blind crustaceans found in saline aquifers

→ live in udner sea caves

→ NOT polychaetes

Class Cephalocardia

Horseshrimp

epibenthic depoist feeders with undifferentied trunk appenages

Class Branchipoda

class of fairy shrimp, brine shrimp, and bivalved shrimp

→ no abdominal appendages

Caudal Rami

in class branchipoda, the extension of the telson

Class Copepoda

class copepoda

→ tapered cylindrical body

→ compound eyes absent, have a median naupilar eye instead

→ primary link between producers and higher-level consumers

Class Theocostraca

Barnacles

→ inhabit a rigid, calcerous skelton

→ grows without molting, instead adds additiona layers to the base plate to molt

Cirri

modified appendage on Theocostraca that is used to sweep through the water and collect food

Cypris

secondary larval stage of Theocostraca that settles and attaches to the subtrate

Class Ostracoda

Class of ostracods or seed shrimp

→ compeltled enclosed in a 2 valved carapace

Telson

posterior segment of arthopods with uropods

Cephalization

the development of anterior tagma responsible for sensory reception, integration and feeding

gills

in arthopods, this organ is a like a stack of flare paltes with llots of blood flow; it is located n the espace between the exoskelton and the throax

Ecydosone

hormone that target epidermal cells in arthopods and controls the molting process

→ secreted by the alpha organ in crustean and is distbruted in the blood

molting inhbiting hormones

hormones that supress production of ecdysone, secreted by the X organ/sinus gland complex

Hemocyanin

respiratory pigment in arthopods that is in the blood as a solute

Dorsal supraesophagel ganglion

Brain of arthopods

Ommatidia

light receving units in arthopod eyes

→ each has its own lens and cornea

→ senses light itnensity and charazterizes wavelength to make one compelte image

Distal pigments

screen each ommatidium from the surronding ommatidia

Superficial cleavage

fused nuclei will undergo cleavges within the the egg→ begin migration to the outer edge of the cell→ cellular blastoderm forms→ yolk replaces where nuclei once wehre

mechanoreceptors

hollow seta with one or more sensory neurrons insided

Class Malacostraca

class of crabs, lobsters, crayfish, and shrimp

3 tagmata, 18 segments total

8

amount of segments in a thorax(pereon) of a malacosteran

6

amount of segments in a pleon of a malacosteran

Order Stomatopoda

class malacostracan; order of mantis shrimp

Rapotorial claw

2nd thoracic appendage in Stomatopoda that can be spear or club like

Order Decapoda

class malacostrean

→ order shrimps, lobsters, crabs

Cardiac stomach

anteiror stomach in decapods that cotnains cuticualr gastric mill to grind fill and seal screen guarding enctrances into the pyloric stomach

Pyloric stomach

dorsal channel in decapods that leads direclty to intenstive for indigestiable particles

→ filter press, gland filter which both further sorts food particles

cephalothroax

in crab like decapods, the abdomen is reduced and flexed under the

Epipods

modfieid portions ot he throacic appendages for O2 uptake in epiobodies

Branchiostegites

lateral extensions of the carapace that enclose the branchial chamber in decapods

Infraorder Peneidea

infraorder of decapods differentiated from Caridea by not brooding eggs

prawns, commercial shrimp

Infraorder Caridea

infraorder of decapods that brood eggs

snapping shrimp, glass shrimp, cleaner shrimp

Infraorder anumura

type of decapod with a reduced 5th pereiopod on the throax

can dig themselves into sediements

→ hermit crabs, procelain crabs, kingcrabs, mole crabs

Infraorder Brachyura

apart of order decapoda where the abdomen is fulled folded under the carapace

→ all 5 pairs of pereiopods are functional

Order Euphausiacea

class Malacostraca, order of krill

→ carapace does not extend ventrally beyond the base of the legs

→ gills are exposed

Order Mysidacea

class malacostraca

→ opossum shrimp

→ The carapace covers entire cephalothorax, but is only attached to the first three segments

→ statocyst present in the endopod of each uropod

→ marsupium pouch

Maruspium

brood pouch in order Mysidacea, Isopoda, Amphipoda

Manca

post-larval/pre juv stage lacking the last pair of legs in order Mysidacea Order Cumacea and order Isopoda

Order Amphipoda

order of laterally compressed malacostreans with no carapace

Coxal plate

in amphipoda, coxae of pereiopods forms protective space ventral to the throax

contains the gills and brachial chamber bound(internal gill palcement)

Gnathopods

Speciasied claw like appenaged in order Amphipoda that are sexually dimoprhic, used in copulation

Order Isopoda

dorso-ventrally flattened malacoestrean with non specialzied appendages

Cymothoa exigua

parasitic isopod that can enter through the gills of the fish and eats their tongue

females are found in the mouth, while males take up residency in the gills

display protandry when females cie

common in croakers

Order Cumacea

order of infaunal malacostracan with a large carapace that covers the entire cephalothorax

infual, lives in sandy and mud bttoms

Ossicles

calcerous skeletal elements of Echinodermata that form a 3-D lattice strucutre

formed in the dermis by scleocytes

held together by collagenous connective tissue

make up the spines of ecnhidermata c

Paxillae

ossciels that cover the aboral surface of some asteroids, used for burrowing

Pedicellariae

moveable, compound ossicles that function as forceps; used to defend the aboral surface aganist settling larvae and other small organisms

Stone Canal

apart of the water vascular system that ascends aborally from the ring and opens into the madreporite

High concentrationof K+ ions, proteins, and extra coelomocytes

components of Water Vascular System Fluids

podia

tube feet

Cardiac stomach

this stomach comparment is everted during feeding to release digestive enzymes and engluf prey

Perivisceral coeloem

in-between coloemoic cavity with its own gills (Papula)

nutrition

the hemal system is mainly used to transport this in Echnidoermata

autonomization

ability to voluntarily release limb if thereanted

→ possible if 1/5 of the disc is present, or if madreprotie is present

Class Ophiuroidea

Brittlestars and basket stars

Class Asteroidea

Class of sea stars

Class Echinoidea

sea urchins, heart urchins, sand dollars

test

fussed ossicles in Echnioidea

Ambulcaral area

area in Echnioidea with 5 sections of 2 feet, and 2 rows of ambularal plates

interambulacral areas

5 sections without tube feet, composed of 2 rows of interambularal plates

Bucca podia

5 pairs of short tube feet around the mouth of Echinoidea

Aristotle’s lantern

specialzied protrusible jaw

→ musles extend and retract the lantern through the mouth

→ other muscles control the teeth

Class Holothuroidea

class of sea cucumbers

Cuvierian tubules

defense from Holothuridea where stickly tubules are ejected from ainus at predators. Toxic (Holothurnin) and regenreated after ejection

holothurnin

toxic produced by Holothuridea that is attached to Cuvierian tubulues

Evisceration

occurs when the posterior or anterior end of Holothurideas ruptures and part of the gut is forciblty expelled

→ confsued predators

→ regenrated following

Class Crinoidea

Class of sea lillies and feather stars

Aboral Calyx

calcified up in Crinoidians that contains visvera

tegmen

membranous oral wall that covers calyx like a drum head

Pentamerous

type of symmetry in Echniodermata

Notochord

flexible, but incompressible axial rod that causes the body to bed

Post-anal tail

extension of the body after the anus used for locomotion

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

centralzied nerval system, open at the aanteror enter in invertebrate chordates at the neruopore

gill slits

features used for feeding and gas exhange in chordates

Subphlyum Cephalochordata

consists of Amphiformes

Subphylum Tunicata

Sea squirts and planktonic relatives

Class Ascidacea

apart of subphlyum tunicata, sea squirits

Tunic

covering of the body wall in AScidacea

dense fibrous outer layer, similar to cartialge

middle layer contains spicule elements