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What is the G1 Phase?
The first phase of the cell cycle lasting 6-12 hours, focusing on cell growth, organelle duplication, and preparation for DNA synthesis.
What occurs during the S Phase?
The second phase of the cell cycle lasting 6-8 hours, where DNA is replicated, and the chromosome number temporarily doubles.
What happens in the G2 Phase?
The third phase lasting 3-4 hours, where final preparations for mitosis occur, ensuring all elements for division are in place.
What is the M Phase?
The final phase lasting about 1 hour, during which the cell divides to form two identical daughter cells.
What does the G1 Checkpoint assess?
The G1 Checkpoint assesses cell size, energy reserves, and DNA integrity before proceeding in the cell cycle.
What is checked at the G2 Checkpoint?
The G2 Checkpoint checks for DNA damage and ensures DNA replication is complete before mitosis.
What is the purpose of the M Checkpoint?
The M Checkpoint ensures proper chromosome alignment and spindle fiber attachment before anaphase.
What is the role of DNA Polymerase?
DNA Polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands during DNA replication.
What does DNA Ligase do?
DNA Ligase joins Okazaki fragments, forming continuous DNA strands during replication.
What is the function of Helicase?
Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix, allowing replication to occur.
What are the phases of the cell cycle?
The cell cycle consists of G1, S, G2, and M phases.
What occurs during mitosis?
Mitosis is the process of cell division that includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, resulting in two identical daughter cells.
What is assessed at the G1 Checkpoint?
The G1 Checkpoint assesses cell size, energy reserves, and DNA integrity.
What is regulated at the G2 Checkpoint?
The G2 Checkpoint ensures that DNA replication is complete and checks for DNA damage.
What is the significance of the M Checkpoint?
The M Checkpoint ensures proper chromosome alignment and attachment of spindle fibers before anaphase.
What is the process of DNA replication?
DNA replication involves unwinding the double helix, synthesizing new strands using DNA polymerase, and joining fragments with DNA ligase.
What happens in prophase during mitosis?
In prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.
What occurs during metaphase?
During metaphase, chromosomes align along the metaphase plate, and spindle fibers attach to the centromeres.
What is anaphase?
Anaphase is the stage where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
What changes happen during telophase?
During telophase, chromosomes begin to de-condense, nuclear envelopes reform around each set of chromosomes, resulting in two nuclei.
