A&P 1 Lab Exam 3: Skeleton

skeleton is composed of

206 bones, cartilages, joints, and ligaments

the skeleton is divided into the

axial and appendicular skeleton

axial skeleton

composed of 80 bones segregated into three major regions: skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

function of the axial skeleton

support the head, neck, and trunk and protect the brain, spinal cord, and the organs in the thorax

how many bones are in the skull

22 (28 including ear bones)

skull consists of two sets of bones

cranial bones and facial bones

cranium

top portion of the skull that encloses and protects the brain and furnish attachment sites for head and neck muscles

2 major areas of the cranium

cranial dome and cranial floor

cranial dome (Calvaria)

forms the superior, lateral, and posterior walls of the skull

cranial floor (base)

forms the skull bottom

three fossae of the cranial floor

1) anterior cranial fossa
2) middle cranial fossa
3) posterior cranial fossa

how many cranial bones are there

8

name the 8 cranial bones

frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, 2 temporal bones, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone

Refer to the image, what is A?

parietal bone

what is B?

temporal bone

what is C?

occipital bone

what is D?

frontal bone

What is E?

sphenoid bone

what is F?

Ethmoid bone

what is A?

parietal bone

what is B?

frontal bone

what is C?

sphenoid bone

What is E?

temporal bone

what is G?

ethmoid bone

how many facial bones are there

14

name the 14 facial bones

2 maxillae, 2 palatine, 2 zygomatic, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, 2 inferior nasal conchae, vomer, and mandible

what is G?

Nasal bone

What is H?

Lacrimal bone

what is D?

nasal bone

What is F?

maxilla bone

What is H?

mandible bone

sutures

interlocking joints that connect the bones of the cranium

major sutures of the skull

coronal suture, sagittal suture, lambdoid suture, and squamous suture

What is 1?

coronal suture

What is 2?

lambdoid suture

What is 3?

squamous suture

What is C?

sagittal suture

coronal suture

connects the parietal and frontal bones

sagittal suture

connects the right and left parietal bones

lambdoid suture

connects the occipital and parietal bones

squamous suture

connects the temporal and parietal bones

fontanelle

soft spot on skull because the bones have not yet fused

anterior fontanelle

diamond shaped spot that forms at the junction of the frontal and parietal bones

posterior fontanelle

triangular shaped spot located at the junction of the occipital and parietal bones

What is B?

anterior fontanelle

what is E?

posterior fontanelle

what bone is this?

sphenoid bone

what is A? (landmark)

lesser wing

What is B? (landmark)

Superior orbital fissure

What is C? (landmark)

body of sphenoid

what is this bone?

ethmoid bone

what is A? (landmark)

crista galli

What is B? (landmark)

perpendicular plate

What is A?

maxilla bone

What is B?

temporal bone

What is C?

magnum foramen

What is D?

occipital bone

What is A?

maxilla bone

What is B?

palatine bone

what is C?

Hard palate

What is D?

zygomatic bone

what is E?

temporal bone

what is F?

vomer

what is H?

parietal bone

what is I?

maxilla bone

what is J?

sphenoid bone

what is K?

external acoustic meatus

What is L?

occipital bone

what is M?

magnum foramen

what bone is this?

mandible bone

what is A?

Temporomandibular joint

what is B? (landmark)

coronoid process

what is C? (landmark)

condylar process

what is D? (landmark)

mandibular angle

what is E? (landmark)

alevolar process

maxillary bones

form the upper jawbone and part of the orbits and the anterior hard palate

hard palate

bony roof of the mouth

lacrimal bone

passageway for tears

sinuses

cavity or hollow space in bone with mucus lining

hyoid bone

U-shaped bone located in the neck that serves as a point of attachment for many tongue and neck muscles (only bone that does not articulate with any other bone)

vertebral column consists of

26 bones (24 vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx)

sacrum

consists of 5 fused sacral vertebrae

coccyx

consists of 4 fused vertebrae

cervical vertebrae

first 7 vertebrae (C1-C7)

characteristics of cervical vertebrae

smallest vertebrae with transverse foramina (holes) and bifid (divet) in the spinous process

thoracic vertebrae

12 vertebrae that articulate with 12 pairs of ribs (T1-T12)

characteristic of thoracic vertebrae

medium sized vertebrae with sharp spinous processes slant downward

lumbar vertebrae

last 5 vertebrae (L1-L5)

characteristic of lumbar vertebrae

large vertebrae with short, thick spinous processes (point straight out)

intervertebral discs

cushion-like pad that absorbs the shock and provides flexibility to the spine

atlas

first vertebra that supports the skull with no vertebral body or spinous process (saying yes)

axis

second vertebra with a dens (projection) that allows for head rotation (saying no)

what kind of bone is this?

vertebra

what is A?

spinous process

what is B?

transverse process

what is C?

superior articular faucet

what is D?

vertebral foramen

vertebral foramen

passageway for the spinal cord

what is E?

vertebral body

what vertebra is this?

lumbar vertebra