Kansas Manicurist Exam

Bacteria

single celled organism

Nonpathogenic bacteria

the most common kind of bacteria. They are harmless organisms that may perform useful functions.

Pathogenic bacteria

harmful and cause disease or infections.

Staphylococci bacteria

most strains of this bacteria don’t make us sick. They spread through skin to skin or through indirect transmission.

Mycobacterium

bacteria that is found in soil and water. These kinds of bacteria have been linked to disfiguring infections particularly with pedicure bowls.

Natural immunity

partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living.

Acquired immunity

developed after overcoming a disease, through vaccines or being exposed to natural allergens.

Viruses

Microorganisms that need a host to live and reproduce and lives in the cells of a biological organism. They only reproduce through taking over the host cell’s reproductive functions.

Parasites

These are organisms that grow, feed, and shelter in or on another organism, while contributing nothing to the host.

Sanitation

the chemical process for reducing the number of disease

Antiseptics

These are chemical germicides formulated for use on skin; registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Disinfection

the process of using specific products to kill harmful organisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi (except bacterial spores).

Sterilization

This is the process that destroys all microbial life including spores. This is usually done with an autoclave.

Quats

quaternary ammonium compounds, being disinfectants that are very effective when used right on nonporous surfaces.

Tuberculocidal disinfectants

proven to kill the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, in addition to other pathogens destroyed through the use of hospital disinfectants.

Phenolic disinfectants

They are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high pH, and can damage the skin and eyes. ________ can be harmful to the environment if put down the drain. They’re also powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants; however, just because these disinfectants are effective against the pathogen does not mean that you should automatically reach for them.

Nail products should be stored in temperatures below ___ degrees Fahrenheit.

120

pH stands for

potential hydrogen

Lateral nail folds (sidewalls)

the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail.

Proximal nail fold

the flap of skin covering the matrix.

How long does it take for a fingernail t fully grow back?

4 to 6 months.

Nail shape depends on the ____ of the matrix.

shape

Nails grow faster in the summer than in the winter. And also during the ____ trimester of pregnancy it goes pretty fast too.

3rd

Beau’s Lines

depressions running across the width of the nail plate due to a slowing production of matrix cells, which causes the nail plate to grow thinner.

Bruised nail beds

dark, purplish spots, usually due to a small injury to the nail bed.

Discolored nails

May be caused by surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation.

Eggshell nail

thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal; this is usually caused by improper diet, hereditary, internal disease, medication, or by overfilling with an abrasive.

Hangnail

the damaged skin around the nail plate (often on the eponychium) that becomes split or torn.

Infected finger

visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, or pus. Refuse nail service. Medical referral required.

The main cause of lamellar dystrophy is

frequent hand washing.

Leukonychia

white spots that appear on the nail plate usually caused by minor injury to the nail matrix. They often appear in the nails but don’t indicate disease and will disappear as the nail grows.

Melanonychia

significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails caused by increased pigment cells (melanocytes). Visible as either a black band extending from the base to the free edge, or may affect the entire nail plate. Fairly common in African Americans or Asians; however, in Caucasians, it could be an indicator of a disease.

Nail psoriasis

roughness, bed discolorations either randomly or evenly spaced. The nail plate may appear as if it has been filled with a coarse abrasive, or the free edge may be ragged or both.

Nail pterygium

abnormal stretching of the eponychium or hyponychium around the nail plate; usually from serious injury or an allergic skin reaction. Creams or conditioning oils may be helpful; however, never attempt to treat or push back nail pterygium with any instrument.

Onychophagy

looks like bitten nails. Frequent manicures and proper care of the hands can often help to overcome this habit.

Onychorrhexis

a weird split or brittle nails appearing as surface roughness on the nail plate. Potential causes are hereditary, injury to the matrix, excessive exposure to cuticle removers, harsh cleaning agents, or excessive filing techniques.

Pincer nail

also known as trumpet nail, is a form of dramatically increased nail curvature of the free edge. A nail can curve in upon itself or may be deformed only on one sidewall. Extreme or unusual cases or painful conditions must be referred to a doctor.

Plicatured nails

A highly curved nail plate often caused by injury to the matrix, which may be inherited. These nails also lead to ingrown nails.

Ridged nail

lengthwise grooves in the nail plate, often mistaken for ridges; seen normal in aging.

Splinter hemorrhage

damage to the capillaries under the nail; it gives the appearance of a lengthwise small splinter underneath the nail plate. This is caused by injury or p;hysical trauma to the nail bed.

During a basic manicure, brush the nails Using _____ ____ from the first to knuckle towards the fingertip.

downward strokes

Petrissage

a Kneading, a stimulating massage movement used in arm massages.

light gels are cured by

an activator

Biofilm

a structured community of microorganisms encased in a self-produced polymeric matrix that adheres to surfaces.

Fungi

any of a group of spore-producing organismsfeeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.

Modes of pathogen transmission

Direct transmission, Indirect transmission, airborne transmission, and respiratory droplet.