a&p ch 1 SO FAR

Which organ is an example of the central nervous system along with the spinal cord?

Brain

The integumentary system functions to protect tissues and do what else?

Regulate temperature

What gland is included in the integumentary system along with sweat glands?

Mammary gland

The integumentary system includes sweat glands, mammary glands, and what organ?

Skin

What does the skin include?

Hair and nails

The skeletal system includes ligaments and what else?

Bones

The muscular system functions in what?

Movement

Which system filters wastes using the kidney?

Urinary system

Wastes are removed as urine from what organ?

Urinary bladder

The circulatory system pumps what throughout the body?

Blood

The respiratory system uses what organs to bring in oxygen?

Lungs

Which organ pumps blood in the circulatory system?

Heart

What does the heart receive from the blood?

Nutrients and oxygen

Which organ breaks down food after the esophagus in the digestive system?

Stomach

Which organ produces bile?

Liver

Which system breaks down food so it can be absorbed?

Digestive system

The male reproductive organs that create sperm are called what?

Testes

The endocrine system, including the pituitary gland, controls the body through what?

Hormones

Homeostatic regulation includes what 3 things?

A receptor, a control center (integration center), and an effector

What does the receptor do in homeostatic regulation?

Senses a particular change or stimulus

What does the control center (integration center) do?

Receives and processes information from the receptor

What does the effector do?

Responds to the control center commands

In the room temperature example, what is the receptor?

Thermometer

In the room temperature example, what is the control center?

Thermostat

In the room temperature example, what is the effector?

Air conditioner

In the room temperature example, homeostasis is disturbed by what stimulus?

Increasing room temperature

In the room temperature example, homeostasis is restored by what?

Decreasing room temperature

What is negative feedback?

When the effector opposes the original stimulus

Negative feedback is also known as what two other terms?

Negative regulation and feedback inhibition

What is the most common form of homeostatic regulation?

Negative feedback

What is thermoregulation?

Control of body temperature

In negative feedback for low body temperature, what is the stimulus?

Decreasing body temperature below 36.7°C

What are the receptors for body temperature regulation?

Body's temperature sensors

What is the control center for body temperature regulation?

Thermoregulatory center in the brain

What are the effectors for body temperature regulation?

Blood vessels and sweat glands in skin, and skeletal muscles

What happens when smooth muscle cells in blood vessels contract?

Blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction)

What is the result of decreased blood flow to skin and decreased sweating?

Less heat is lost

What does shivering (skeletal muscles contracting) produce?

Heat

What is positive feedback?

When the response reinforces or exaggerates the original stimulus

Positive feedback is also known as what?

Positive regulation

Is positive feedback more or less common than negative feedback?

Less common

What are two examples of positive feedback?

Blood clotting, and labor and delivery

What is blood clotting a mechanism for?

Stopping bleeding

What does the hormone oxytocin do during labor?

Speeds up uterine contractions and increases its own production

What position is lying down face up?

Supine

What position is lying down face down?

Prone

What does 'hypochondriac' mean in the abdominopelvic regions?

Below the cartilage (regions beside the epigastric region)

Which abdominopelvic region is above the umbilical region?

Epigastric region

Which abdominopelvic region is below the umbilical region?

Hypogastric (pubic) region

The chemical reactions involved in absorption, transport, and cellular use of oxygen are an example of what function of living things?

Metabolism

What type of section would separate the two eyes?

Sagittal