lenin and stalin economy facts

another name for grain requisitioning?

‘food dictatorship’

changes to work in 1918 and 1919

1918- work day was extended to 11 hours

1919- woek was made compulsory for all 16-50 years

harsh punishment for laziness and slacking

impacts of abolition of money during war comms?

led to hyperinflation and so money became worthless

workers paid through rations and not for their hard work so lack of incentive=reduced hard work

how much food consumed in urban areas during the civil war was from rations vs black market?

40%= rations

60%= from black market

1917-22 how much did the industrial work force decline by?

3-1.2 mill

why was there a famine?

give facts?

harvests were declining rapidly and unemplorment was rising

the 1921 harvest was only 46% of the 1913 harvest

a famine where 6 mill died in total

how did amount of grain harvest change from 1921-26 under NEP?

by 1926. grain prod had more or less recovered to 19 _ _ levels

increased by over 100% 1921-26

recovered to 1913 levels

how many 5 year plans were there form 1928-41?

3!

1st= 1928-1932

3rd= 1938-41 (this one ended prematurely due to the german invasion of soviet union)

how much did coal prod increase from 1928-41?

(eg of heavy industry increase)

increased by around 369%

what did stalin build in order to exploit the ussr’s natural resources and help increase coal ext prod?

new facs and industrial cities

eg: magnitogorsk→industrial city built around a mssive steel plant

when was the moscow metro open and its significance?

1935

allowed people to travel and was free to the

people

highlighted/glorified the technological advances of ussr

extravagant and unique interior design

how did stalin attempt to increase incentives?

give a fact on how much coal mining productivity rose by

introduced a nationwide campaign in 1935

he authorised higher payments and a system of rewards for more prod workers

recognised ‘stakhanovites’ were able to reorganise their workplaces to ensure that they were efficient

1936-40, estimated productivity gains for coal mining was 26%

by 1940, how much of gov spending was on rearmament

1/3

in some industries, how much of produced goods/materials were wasted and give a few reasons brief why?

as much as 40%

• quantity>quality

• lack of co-ordination

• poor transport

• disorganised

why were the purges bad for industry?

give a fact to show impacts of attacks on gosplan members?

involved the purging of managers and economic planners who were the very people needed to make the plans work

aswell as killing people who could’ve worked in factorys also

the purges attacked people in gosplan to such an extent that the 3rd five year plan was never finished

what does historian Donald Filtzer argue about the soviet economy?

it was ‘self-consming’

the process of econ growth= very inefficient that it consumed so many resources that could’ve been usued to improve the QoL of the people

state of consumer goods?

a fact to show this about queues in leningrad for clothes and shoes?

scarce and being rationed

in 1938= queues often exceeded 6000 for clothes and shoes in leningrad

fact to show terrible quality of housing under the 5 year plans, to do with bathhouses in moscow?

there was not a single bathhouse availiable for the 650,000 people living in (one) district in moscow

what did collectiv involve

small farms were merged into larger ones from 20-150 families

different causes and breif explanation for why stalin launched collectivisation of agri

COMM IDEOLOGY→ to abolish priv property,,ensure no opportunity for kulaks,, so more efficient to increase prod,, fairer and wiin over peasants

FAILURE OF NEP→ econ 1927-28 has stagnated,,scissor crisis,, linked to dekulakisation as the farmers wanted profit so reduced grain prod purposefully to increase prices-seen as a “kulak grain strike”,, nep had run its course

LEADERSHIP STRUGGLE→ bikharin and stalin had deafeated the ‘united opposition’ in 1927(by taking advantage of the ban on factions that lenin had originally put into place) so now stalin needed to eclipse bukharin SO he moved towards collectiv as it was a policy more liked by left to increase his support and eclipse bukharin as he was more inclined to the right

what did stalin call the Scissor crisis(think kulaks) and therefore wha did he order the red army to do from 1928?

‘kulak grain strike’

ordered red army to requisition grain from peasants in order to feed urban workers an dsell overseas

requisitioning= ended the nep

what did stalin want in terms of the kulaks?

how many peasants were sent to labour camps as a result of the dekulakisation campaign?

the liquidation of the kulaks as a class

around 1.5 mill

grain harvest in 1934?

had it increased or decreased since 1928 and why?

around 67 mill tons

decreased, due to lack of incentives and killing of kulaks who were most experienced

amount of grain procured in 1933

how much of this was exported

22.6 mill tons

5mill tons = exported

was there any private farming ?

yes, small scale

around 7% of farmers stayed indep of the collectiv system

they produced double the amount of meat and milk than state farms

fact to show how much agri declined during ww2?

potato rations fell by 80%

grain harvest in mill tons by 1952?

92.2 mill tons