SCI(gentics)

Homozygous

Two of the same gene or allele

heterozygous

Two different gens or alleles

Gene

A section of DNA that carries the code for making a specific protein.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, an acid that carries the genetic information in the cell in the base sequences and is capable of self-replication

Phenotype 

The observable characteristics of a genotype (expression).

Mutation

a random, unpredictable change in the base sequence of DNA that is permanent and creates alleles.

Alleles

Alternative versions of a gene

Chromosome

An organized structure of DNA and protein found in the nucleus.

Genetic variation 

Differences in phenotypes between individuals arising because of the variety of diffrent genotype for traits with in a population

Adaptation

features that organisms have evolved to be successful in their environment

Gene tracking 

Picking a gene and following it through diffrent generations.

DNA sequencing

The process of identifying the exact order of bases in a strand of DNA

Natural selection

The process where an organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, Therefore being able to to pass their traits to the next generation.

Vairiation

the difference among members of the same species 

sexual reproduction

Reproduction involving two parents. The offspring are diffrent to the parent and to each other

Punnet squares

A grid like tool used to track genes and make prediction about how the offspring may inherit alleles

pedigree chart

A family tree that shows the genetic relationships among members of the same family

Phylogenetic tree

A diagram that represents relatedness of organisms