Art Appreciation Module 1

Humanities

It came from the Latin word “humanus” which means human, cultured, and refined.

Humans

have natural human tendencies, norms, and can adapt to the environment.

individual, works of art

more concerned with the individual, and especially with unique creations of the __________ imagination which we call _____ __ ___.

Social Science

attempt to see humans in the mass, as subjects for generalizations, their behaviors being a fit subject for prediction. Subjects under social science are history, economics, and psychology.

Art

It came from the Latin word “ars” which means skill.

Art is not Nature

Art is experience and beauty. Art is ___ ______.

Experience

Is accompanied by emotions or emotional reaction. According to Dewey, art is a powerful form of communication and expression.

How is beauty in art interpreted?

Concept value of Aesthetics (how effectively elements and principles of art interact), Concept value of Taste (depends on class, culture, and background).

LEVELS OF APPRECIATION

We become delighted in the arts through our senses. Our enjoyment can increase in two levels: understanding and feeling.

Art

A unique way of expressing someone’s emotions in a visual manner. The skills depend on the innate talent of a person.

Craft

A creative way of making creative things by hand. The talent needs to be well groomed and moulded with experience.

History

is factual and straightforward in theory. It is subjective and a product of interpretation.

Art History

Developed in Europe during the colonial period. European traditions were emphasized (Greek and Romans). An immense sociocultural change took place in the 20th century that led to women, artists of color, and minor arts being included.

The Gregorian Calendar

The calendar that we have been using since 1582.

BCE

Replacement for BC

CE

Replacement for AD

Circa (c or ca)

approximately. It is used before a date to indicate that we don't know exactly when something happened.

Medieval Art (AD 4 - 1300)

The common themes and subjects in this period are about the church and sacred stories and personalities. Its purpose was to create art to promote and spread Christianity.

Styles such as Christian and Byzantine, Anglo-Saxon and Viking, Ottonian, and Gothic are evident.

Renaissance Art (AD 1300 - 1600)

celebrated humanism, innovation, and the revival of classical knowledge. intense feelings and capture the awe-spiring power of the natural world.

Famous artist: Caspar David Friedrich (The Hiker above the Sea of Fog)

Realism Art (AD 1849 - 1900)

It is detailed, life-like depictions of subject matter. In this period, artists paint what is physically seen. Artists often focus on the central themes of social injustice, poverty, and labor. Gustave Courbet is known as the father of realism.

Famous artist: Gustave Courbet (The Desperate Man)

Art Nouveau Art (AD 1890 - 1910)

This movement has heavily influenced applied arts, graphics, and illustration. This style focuses on the natural world, characterized by long, sinuous lines and curves.

Famous artist: Sarah Bernhardt (Alphonse Mucha)

Impressionism Art (AD 1860 - 1890)

It is anti-academic in style, characterized by lively brushstrokes, and a bright color palette. It focuses on capturing the fleeting effects of light and atmosphere. Many artists painted outdoors instead in a studio.

Famous artist: Claude Monet (Camille Monet), his artwork inspired the name of this art movement.

Post-Impressionism Art (AD 1886 - 1905)

A natural evolution from Impressionism. Artists continued to use vivid colors and thick brushstrokes, expressing their emotional and psychological response to the world.

Famous artist: Vincent Van Gogh (Wheat Field with Cypresses) and George Seurat (known for his pointillism)

Fauvism Art (AD 1900 - 1935)

It was led by Henri Matisse. The style was characterised by expressive use of intense color, line, and brushwork. It was centered on the expression of feeling. Fauvist Artists rejected natural representation.

Famous artist: Henri Matisse (The Dance)

Expressionism Art (20th century)

During this period, artists created artworks which contained non-objective reality. The artworks in this movement are characterized by its subjective experience and emotional intensity. The bearers of traditional arts can be nominated as Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA)

Non-traditional Arts

It encompasses dance, music, theatre, visual arts, literature, film, and broadcast arts. The bearers of ___-___________ ____ can be nominated as National Artist.

Negritos from Borneo, Sumatra, and Malaya.

The first people in the Philippines are the:

Medieval art

________ ___ in the west focuses on religion and Christianity. Art during this period was communal rather than individualistic.

Reading and Writing

We have systems of writing and reading (Baybayin). There were at least 16 different types of writing systems present around the Philippines.

Literature

There were early forms of literature (riddles, tanaga, dalit, diona poetic forms). Early literature was also transmitted through performed rituals.

Value of Gold

They knew the value of gold and other minerals. These coins are called piloncito. Some were used as ornaments to show status (Lingling - O; Palawan)

celebrated a woman's first menstruation.

Women were on equal footing with men. Ancient Filipinos _______________________________.

Likha

figurines depicting deities.

Anito

images depicting ancestors

Pre-Hispanic Philippine

___-________ ___________ Society was neither patriarchal nor matriarchal. It was relatively egalitarian.

Spanish Colonial Period

The colonizers used art as a tool to propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful images.

Pre-Colonial Philippine Art

Art produced before Spanish colonization, created by early Filipinos including the Negritos.

piloncito

They knew the value of gold and other minerals. These coins are called ________. Some were used as ornaments to show status (Lingling - O; Palawan)

ethnic forms

The Spaniards used ______ _____ such as the Baybayin and poems to communicate with the natives and to promote the Catholic ideals.

friars, art

The ______ enforced strict supervision over their production of arts. ___ was only for church and religious use

Thirteen Moderns

The Philippines has one of the longest traditions of Modern Art in Asia. Art historians would later refer to this group as the

Victorio C. Edades

Father of Modern Philippine Painting. Unlike Amorsolo, Edades colors were dark and somber with subject matter depicting laborers. He was the dean of the liberal arts program of UST.

“The Painter of Philippines Sunlight.”

“Grand Old Man of Philippine Art” and also dubbed:

Modern Philippine Art (Post WWII)

The styles in the period vary such as expressionism, surrealism, and abstract expressionism.

Carlos Botong Francisco

He revived the forgotten art of murals and remained its most distinguished practitioner for nearly three decades. His trademark fluid lines and brilliant colors filled up the entire pictorial space of the mural, defying the rules of linear perspectives set by the local academy. He was also a drop out of UP School of Fine Arts

Triumvirate: Galo B. Ocampo, Victorio Edades, and Carlos Botong Francisco

led the growth of mural painting.

THE ARTISTIC PROCESS

1. An artist interacts with an experience or a subject (what is being shown)
2. The artist translates the interaction into a medium.
3. The elements of the medium are used to produce the finished work.

Factors that affect an Artist’s artistic choice of subject

1. Patronage of Artist: historically, artists often worked on commissions. The Patron heavily influenced what the artwork should depict.

2. Medium: the materials or technique an artist uses can make certain subjects more practical or traditional.

3. Time: The historical period of an artist shapes what subjects are common and acceptable.

Pure Arts

refers to creative activities created purely for contemplation of mind and uplift of the spirit.

Practical Arts

art created with a functional purpose to satisfy human needs.

Liberal Arts

is the type of art that is directed toward intellectual growth and development of a person

Mixed Art

art that combines two or more media forms together.

Fine Arts

referred to as the major arts that is based on skill and beauty

Kinetic Art

art that makes use of motion and movement as a medium

Phonetic Art

art that makes use of sounds and words as their medium of expression.

Artist

are somewhat an elitist view categorizing the “Fine Arts.”

Artisans

creates functional utilitarian art. It is done by hand and in small quantities. They are seen as craftsmen of folk traditions.

incorporation of the elements of arts and design

is also seen in the art of this period. A specialist in a particular field is called an artist.

Baroque Art (AD 1600 - 1730)

was marked by grandeur, drama, and emotion. Often depicted scenes of intense actions, theatricality, and spiritual ecstasy. Was heavily sponsored by the Catholic Church; art was used as a weapon in religious wars (Counter to Reformation Movement that was led by Martin Luther and John Colvin)

Rococo Art (AD 1720 - 1780)

emerged as a reaction against the grandeur of the baroque. It emphasizes elegance and decorative exuberance. It was characterized by pastel colors and playful themes. It pushed the decorative and theatrical aspects of art with an emphasis on asymmetry, curved forms and bright colors.

Neoclassicism Art (AD 1750 - 1830)

A strong sense of inner harmony, clarity, and restraint within the picture. It draws inspiration to the art and ideals of Ancient Greece and Rome. During this period, art was a political tool to reveal stories of the rich and the influential. It focuses on Greek and Roman mythology, heroic sacrifice, and moral values.

Romanticism Art (AD 1780 - 1880)

It was the beginning of modern art. It celebrated passion and emotion over intellect and reason. Artists in this movement sought to evoke

Cubism Art (ca. 1907 - 1908)

It was invented by Pablo Picasso and George Braque. Artists began painting subjects in fragmented forms, multiple viewpoints, and geometric abstraction . It rejected the concept that art should copy nature.

Surrealism Art (AD 1916 - 1950)

It emerged from the Dada art movement. Surrealists created works of art that defied reason. It is a movement dedicated to exploring the unconscious mind in the realm of dreams. It was an art movement that was a response to the effects of WWI

Abstract Expressionism Art (ca. 1940s - 1950s)

It focuses on the medium itself and exists without representation of the subject.

Contemporary Art (1946 - present)

It encompasses many themes and styles; rules are perpetually broken. It has no clear linear pattern and instead encourages a mix of ideas, media, and forms.

Traditional Arts

It was passed down through generations from master craftsmen to apprentices.

Ilustrados

The development of agricultural export provided an opportunity for native Indios to acquire economic wealth. They became what was to be called the “__________,” which became the new patron of the arts.

Tipos del Pais

is a style of watercolor painting. Damian Domingo was known as the father of the filipino painting and the founder of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, the first school of drawing in the Philippines (1821).

Miniaturismo

is a style characterized by the painstaking attention to minute details

Letras t Figuras

was developed by Jose Honorato Lozano. Felix Resureccion Hidalgo was the first international Filipino artist who won gold and silver medals in the 1884 Madrid Exposition.

Mariano Baldemor Madrinan

was the first Filipino to have won an international award in sculpture. He sculpted Mater Dolorosa (Sorrowing Mother).

Fabian Dela Rosa

first painter of note for the 20th century. He was considered the brightest name in Filipino painting. His nephew, Fernando Amorsolo, captured the attention of the public and was named as the country’s first national artist in 1972.

Fernando Amorsolo’s paintings

burst with yellow-orange that captured the Philippine landscape unlike Fabian’s subdued cool colors. He also ventured into advertising. He designed Ginebra San Miguel.

Fabian Dela Rosa

was the first dean while Amorsolo subsequently became the Dean of the U.P School of Fine Arts.

1935

Guillermo Tolentino was commissioned by the president of UP to sculpt The Oblation.

Guillermo Tolentino

rofessor at the UP School of Fine Arts. He also designed the Bonifacio Monument.

Japanese Occupation

A period where Filipinos were scared to express their opinions. Artistic activities were suspended, but some artists managed to produce artworks based on the atrocities brought by the war.

Fernando Amorsolo

was the first awardee (National Artist of the Philippines). He was nicknamed the “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art” and also dubbed “The Painter of Philippines Sunlight.”