Human Geography Unit 1 ✅

Spatial Perspective

An approach that considers where things occur and the reasons for their location.

Ecological Perspective

Focuses on the relationships between living things and their environments.

Location

The position that a point or object occupies on Earth.

Absolute Location

The exact location of an object, expressed in coordinates.

Relative Location

A description of where a place is in relation to other places.

Place

A location distinguished by physical and human characteristics.

Sense of Place

The emotions attached to an area based on personal experiences.

Mental Maps

A person's internal representation of the world shaped by perceptions.

Site

A place's absolute location and its physical characteristics.

Situation

A place's location relative to other places and features.

Space

The area between two or more things on Earth's surface.

Density

The number of things, such as people or objects, per unit of area.

Environmental Determinism

The theory that human behavior is largely controlled by physical environment.

Possibilism

The theory that humans have the agency to adapt based on environmental opportunities.

Sustainability

Using land and resources in ways that ensure their availability for the future.

Distance Decay

The principle that interaction decreases as the distance between two locations increases.

Time-Space Compression

The processes that reduce relative distance through improved transportation and communication.

Formal Region

An area with one or more shared traits.

Functional Region

An area organized around a focal point or node.

Perceptual Region

A region defined by people's feelings and attitudes.

Core Countries

Highly developed nations characterized by strong economic and political power.

Semi-Periphery Countries

Nations in the process of industrialization that act as intermediaries.

Periphery Countries

Least developed nations that provide resources and suffer from political instability.

Globalization

The expansion of businesses and cultural exchanges across the globe.

World System Theory

A theory explaining the spatial and functional relationships between countries in the world economy.

Reference Map

Shows specific geographic locations such as political boundaries.

Thematic Map

Displays geographic information focused on a particular topic.

Choropleth Map

Visualizes data using different colors to represent information.

Dot Distribution Map

Uses dots to represent specific location data points.

Graduated Symbol Map

Uses symbols of varying sizes to represent different values.

Isoline Map

Uses lines to depict data, showcasing changes over space.

Cartogram

Distorts geographic shapes to display differences in data.

Mercator Projection

A cylindrical map projection that preserves shape but distorts area.

Peters Projection

A map that shows countries in true proportion to their size.

Robinson Projection

A compromise projection that aims to minimize distortion.

Distance Decay

The principle that the farther away two places are, the less interaction they have.

Friction of Distance

The increases in effort, time, and cost to connect two distant places.

Agglomeration

Clustering of phenomena around a central point.

Arithmetic Density

Calculated as the number of things per square unit.

Physiologic Density

The number of people per unit of arable land.

Agricultural Density

The number of farmers per unit of arable land.

Hearth

The point of origin or place of innovation for an idea.

Expansion Diffusion

When an idea spreads outward from its central origin.

Hierarchical Diffusion

When ideas spread from higher-order to lower-order places.

Contagious Diffusion

Rapid spread of ideas from the point of origin to nearby areas.

Stimulus Diffusion

Adaption of an idea or innovation to suit local conditions.

Relocation Diffusion

When an idea crosses a significant barrier and relocates.

Absolute Distance

Distance measured using a standard unit of length.

Relative Distance

Distance measured in terms of time or money.

Absolute Direction

Cardinal directions such as north, south, east, and west.

Relative Direction

Directions based on people's perceptions, such as left or right.

Map Scale

The mathematical relationship between the size of a map and the real world.