Stats 4 - Normal Curve, z scores, and Probability

Z score

Also called a standardized score

Transforms any data point into the number of standard deviations that the data point is away from the mean for the variable

Z score formula

A z score of 0.75 is 75% of one standard deviation above the mean

Absolute value

A number's distance from zero on a number line, always a non-negative (positive or zero) value, regardless of its sign

|7| = 7

|-7| = 7

Empirical rule

Percentile

The percentage of individuals in the distribution with scores at or below a particular value

Law of large numbers

The mean of the sample reflects the mean of the population better and better as the sample gets larger

Using the equal likelihood model, how can we calculate probability of a certain outcome?

What does the abbreviation p represent?

Probability

What is the difference between absolute risk versus relative risk?

Absolute risk is the probability of an event, whereas relative risk is the probability of an event occurring in a group, relative to the same event occurring in another group

• 0.3% —> 12% is fortyfold, but this is kinda clickbait