Ch 20, Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives

Carboxylic Acid Preparation- oxidative cleavage of alkynes

Carboxylic Acid Preparation- oxidation of primary alcohols

Carboxylic Acid Preparation- oxidation of alkylbenzenes

Carboxylic Acid Preparation- hydrolysis of nitriles

Carboxylic Acid Preparation- carboxylation of Gringard reagents

Reduction of carboxylic acids

Nucleophilic Aryl Substitution (general)

Preparation of Acid Chlorides via thionyl chloride

Hydrolysis of Acid Chlorides

Ester Preparation- alcoholysis of acid chlorides

Amide Preparation- aminolysis of acid chlorides

Reduction of Acid Chlorides

Acid Chloride + Grignard Reagent

Preparation of Acid Anhydrides using Acetic Acid

Acetylation using acetic anhydrides

Ester preparation via Sn2 Reaction

Ester Preparation- Fischer Esterification

Base-promoted Hydrolysis of Esters (“saponification”)

Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Esters

Amide Preparation- aminolysis of esters

Reduction of Esters using LiAlH₄

Isolation of an aldehyde from an ester

Ester + Grignard Reagent

Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of an Amide

Hydrolysis of Amides under basic conditions

Reduction of Amides using LiAlH₄

Nitrile Preparation via Sn2

Preparation of Nitriles- dehydration of amides

Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Nitriles

Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Nitriles

Nitriles + Grignard Reagents