Spasticity After SCI

What is spasticity?

• Velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone

• Increased tonic stretch reflexes

• Hyperreflexia

• Common with UMN lesions

What can increase spasticity in a patient with SCI?

• Stress

• Pressure injury

• UTI

• Bladder distention

• Bowel dysfunction

• Temperature changes

• Pain

• Touch

What should a therapist suspect if spasticity suddenly increases?

• Possible noxious trigger

• Check for:

  • Bladder issue

  • Bowel issue

  • Infection

  • Pressure injury

  • Pain

What treatment approaches may be used for spasticity after SCI?

• Positioning

• ROM

• Aquatic therapy

• Weight bearing

• Electrical stimulation

• Medications

• Other medical procedures if severe

Can spasticity ever be functionally useful?

• Yes

• May assist with:

  • Standing

  • Transfers

  • Maintaining muscle bulk

• But often interferes with functional movement