Psychology 101: Exam 3 - Quiz 9

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

• integrity vs. despair

• initiative vs. guilt

• generativity vs. stagnation

• identity vs. guilt 

integrity vs. despair

Which of the following illustrates conservation?

• Joseph saves his energy by brushing his teeth in the shower but doesn’t realize that he is wasting water that way.

• Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

• Rebekah recycles her glass bottles but not her cell phone batteries because she doesn’t think they can be recycled.

• Deirdre believes that five pennies have more value than two nickels but she doesn’t know the value of either coin by itself.

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, “Look mommy, apples!” His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

• accommodation

• assimilation

• reversibility 

• seriation

accommodation

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes?

• preoperational

• concrete operational

• formal operational

• sensorimotor

formal operational

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant’s needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson’s developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

• identity vs. confusion

• intimacy vs. isolation

• trust vs. mistrust

• autonomy vs. shame/doubt

trust vs. mistrust

Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?

• younger average age for marriage

• taking longer to complete a college degree

• changing cultural expectations 

• changes in the workforce

younger average age for marriage

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

• Learning

• Cognitive

• Physical

• Psychosocial

Physical

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

• resistant

• secure

• avoidant

• disorganized

disorganized

Carissa’s parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

• permissive

• Freudian 

• authoritative

• authoritarian

permissive

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we’d say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory.

• discontinuous

• bidirectional

• continuous

• unidirectional 

discontinuous

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

• Lawrence Kohlberg 

• Erik Erikson

• Abraham Maslow

• Jean Piaget 

Erik Erikson

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

• Prototypes

• Categories

• Cognitions 

• Schemata

Schemata

Adolescents (ages 12–18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development.

• industry vs. inferiority

• identity vs. confusion

• generativity vs. stagnation

• isolation vs. intimacy

identity vs. confusion

During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the ________ lobe of the cerebral cortex.

• occipital

• temporal

• frontal

• parietal

frontal

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother’s birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

• reversibility 

• conservation

• egocentrism

• abstract thought

egocentrism

During Piaget’s proposed ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly.

• preoperational

• sensorimotor

• concrete operational

• formal operational

concrete operational

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

• disorganized

• secure

• resistant

• avoidant

secure

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by one’s culture as well as their interactions with their own environment?

• Piaget

• Vygotsky

• Kohlberg

• Ainsworth

Vygotsky

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

• native

• gross

• manipulative

• fine

fine

1. Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________.

• markers

• milestones

• boundaries 

• norms

milestones

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

• fine

• gross

• native

• reflexive

gross

The notion that the manner in which one’s brain develops can have a significant impact on a person’s cognitive functioning is central to the ________ perspective in developmental psychology.

• neuroconstructivist

• epigenetic

• biopsychosocial

• naturist

neuroconstructivist

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?

• language development

• pretend play

• object permanence

• egocentrism

object permanence