Amino Acids - Structures and Groups

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Last updated 10:53 PM on 9/15/26
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21 Terms

1
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Glycine

non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; no chiral carbon

<p>non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; no chiral carbon</p>
2
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Alanine

non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; just a methyl group on the side chain


A

<p>non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; just a methyl group on the side chain</p><p></p><p>A</p>
3
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Valine

essential; non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; two gamma carbons, “branched” side chain


V

<p>essential; non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; two gamma carbons, “branched” side chain</p><p></p><p>V</p>
4
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Proline

non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; a cyclic side chain with the terminal carbon linked to its N


P

<p>non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; a cyclic side chain with the terminal carbon linked to its N</p><p></p><p>P</p>
5
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Leucine

essential; non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; two delta carbons, another “branched” side chain


L

<p>essential; non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; two delta carbons, another “branched” side chain</p><p></p><p>L</p>
6
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Isoleucine

essential; non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; two gamma carbons, another “branched” side chain, two chiral carbons


I

<p>essential; non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; two gamma carbons, another “branched” side chain, two chiral carbons</p><p></p><p>I</p>
7
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Phenylalanine

essential; non-polar; VERY hydrophobic amino acid; an aromatic phenyl ring


F

<p>essential; non-polar; VERY hydrophobic amino acid; an aromatic phenyl ring</p><p></p><p>F</p>
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Methionine

essential; non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; a sulfite containing side chain


M

<p>essential; non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; a sulfite containing side chain</p><p></p><p>M</p>
9
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Tryptophan

essential; non-polar; hydrophobic amino acid; a large indoor (two adjacent rings); the largest side chain


W

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Serine

polar; neutral amino acids; hydroxyl group, allowing it to be phosphorylated


S

<p>polar; neutral amino acids; hydroxyl group, allowing it to be phosphorylated</p><p></p><p>S</p>
11
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Threonine

essential; polar; neutral amino acids; hydroxyl group, allowing it to be phosphorylated; two chiral carbons


T

<p>essential; polar; neutral amino acids; hydroxyl group, allowing it to be phosphorylated; two chiral carbons</p><p></p><p>T</p>
12
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Tyrosine

non-essential; essential w/o sufficient uptake of phenylalanine from diet from diet; polar; neutral amino acids; hydroxyl group, allowing it to be phosphorylated; hydroxylated phenylalanine


Y

<p>non-essential; essential w/o sufficient uptake of phenylalanine from diet from diet; polar; neutral amino acids; hydroxyl group, allowing it to be phosphorylated; hydroxylated phenylalanine</p><p></p><p>Y</p>
13
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Cysteine

polar; neutral amino acids; sulfhydryl group, disulfide bond with another cysteine to form a cysteine


C

<p>polar; neutral amino acids; sulfhydryl group, disulfide bond with another cysteine to form a cysteine </p><p></p><p>C</p>
14
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Asparagine

polar; neutral amino acids; polar carboxamide group


N

<p>polar; neutral amino acids; polar carboxamide group</p><p></p><p>N</p>
15
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Glutamine

polar; neutral amino acids; polar carboxamide group


Q

<p>polar; neutral amino acids; polar carboxamide group</p><p></p><p>Q</p>
16
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Lysine

essential; positively charged amino acids at physiological pH; a free amino group (E- amino group), with a pKa close to 10


K

<p>essential; positively charged amino acids at physiological pH; a free amino group (E- amino group), with a pKa close to 10</p><p></p><p>K</p>
17
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Arginine

non-essential but essential in newborns; ;positively charged amino acids at physiological pH; a guanidinium group, very basic, with a pKa close to 12.5


R

<p>non-essential but essential in newborns; ;positively charged amino acids at physiological pH; a guanidinium group, very basic, with a pKa close to 12.5</p><p></p><p>R</p>
18
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Histidine

essential; positively charged amino acids at physiological pH; an imidazole group, pKa ~6.5; often found in the active site of an enzyme


H

<p>essential; positively charged amino acids at physiological pH; an imidazole group, pKa ~6.5; often found in the active site of an enzyme</p><p></p><p>H</p>
19
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Aspartic acid

negatively charged amino acids at physiological pH; aka aspartame as it exists predominately in its conjugate base form


D

<p>negatively charged amino acids at physiological pH; aka aspartame as it exists predominately in its conjugate base form</p><p></p><p>D</p>
20
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Aspartate

negatively charged amino acids at physiological pH; D

<p>negatively charged amino acids at physiological pH; D</p>
21
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Glutamic acid

negatively charged amino acids at physiological pH; Aka glutamate as it exists predominately in its conjugate base form

<p>negatively charged amino acids at physiological pH; Aka glutamate as it exists predominately in its conjugate base form</p>