Transport In Animals And Plants

Transportation

It is the process that involves the movement of water and necessary nutrients to all parts of the plant for its survival.

Xylem

- Function: Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves (Transpiration)

- Movement: One-way transport (upward only).

- No energy required (passive transport).

- Relies on physical forces like transpiration pull, cohesion, and root pressure.

Phloem

- Function: Responsible for translocation of nutrients and sugars to all areas of the plant (Translocation)

- Movement: Moves in both directions (from leaves to roots or from storage to growing parts).

- Requires energy (active transport).

- Uses pressure fow mechanism for movement.

Transpiration

is the process where plants lose water as vapor through tiny openings in their leaves called stomata.

Diffusion

the passive movement of a substance from more concentrated area to less concentrated area, without using energy.

Facilitated Diffusion

movement of molecules through transport proteins in the cell membrane, from high to low concentration, without using energy.

Active Transport

movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration using energy (ATP).

circulatory system

All animals, including us humans, need a system to transport important substances like oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout our bodies. This system is called the ________. It helps keep the body working properly.

Arteries

- carry blood away from the heart

Veins

- carry blood back to the heart

Capillaries

- tiny vessels where exchanges of gases and nutrients happen

open circulatory system

is a type of blood circulation where the blood does not stay inside vessels all the time. Instead, it fows freely into open spaces in cavities inside the body, bathing the organs directly.

closed circulatory system

is a type of blood circulation where blood always stays inside blood vessels as it moves through the body. This helps transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste quickly and effciently.

Single Circulation

– Blood passes through the heart once in a complete loop.

Single Circulation

- The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the gills (for oxygen).

- Oxygenated blood fows directly to the body.

- The blood becomes deoxygenated after delivering oxygen and returns to the heart.

Double Circulation

– Blood passes through the heart twice, making circulation faster and more effcient.

Loop 1 Pulmonary circulation

The right (Right Ventricle) side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the deoxygenated blood through small blood vessels called capillaries. And carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled. Now, the blood is oxygen-rich before it returns to the heart. (Left Atrium)

Loop 2 Systemic circulation

The left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the entire body. The body uses the oxygen, and the blood becomes deoxygenated again. The deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart, and the cycle repeats.

stomata

plants: waste products are released through _____ on leaves

vascular tissue

From the roots, the water and minerals are transported to other parts of the plant through a special kind of tissue called ________.